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Table 6 Analytical results for miscellaneous compounds presented as average ± standard deviation for triplicate measurements

From: Harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) in two novel nicotine pouch products in comparison with regular smokeless tobacco products and pharmaceutical nicotine replacement therapy products (NRTs)

Analyte

Units

Limit of Quanification

ZYN (dry)

ZYN (moist)

NRT (lozenge)

NRT (gum)

Snus (pouch)

Moist snuff (loose)

Moist snuff (pouch)

Acetaldehyde

µg/g

1.0

*

*

*

4.7 ± 0.3

10.0 ± 0

5.7 ± 0.2

4.8 ± 0.2

Aflatoxin B1

ng/g

0.1/1.0a

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Aflatoxin B2

ng/g

0.1/1.0a

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Aflatoxin G1

ng/g

0.1/1.0a

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Aflatoxin G2

ng/g

0.1/1.0a

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Ammonia

µg/g

1.0

62 ± 1

66 ± 1

*

4.5 ± 0

847 ± 45

2300 ± 0

3900 ± 100

Anabasine

µg/g

20.0

*

*

*

*

28.5 ± 0.3

54.6 ± 1.5

42.5 ± 0.1

Coumarin

µg/g

0.05

*

*

*

*

*

0.86 ± 0.02

0.65 ± 0.02

Crotonaldehyde

µg/g

0.050

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Ethyl carbamate

ng/g

30

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Formaldehyde

µg/g

1.0

10.3 ± 0.6

1.5 ± 0.1

*

*

1.6 ± 0.1

4.3 ± 0.1

2.0 ± 0.1

Nicotine (total)

mg/g

0.01

7.63 ± 0.21

12.00 ± 0

3.20 ± 0.10

1.30 ± 0.10

8.13 ± 0.38

9.97 ± 0.06

8.47 ± 0.12

Nicotine (unprotonated)b

mg/g

0.01

4.87 ± 0.36

7.87 ± 0

2.57 ± 0.14

1.28 ± 0.10

7.11 ± 0.28

3.23 ± 0.02

3.65 ± 0.05

Nitrite

µg/g

1.0

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Nornicotine

µg/g

50

*

*

*

*

162 ± 2

220 ± 4

129 ± 0

Ochratoxin A

ng/g

0.50

*

*

*

*

0.86 ± 0.05

*

2.90 ± 0.26

  1. a Aflatoxin quantification limits were 0.1 ng/g for the NRT lozenge and 1.0 ng/g for the other tested products
  2. b Unprotonated nicotine was calculated based on pH for the different products (ZYN dry 8.3, ZYN moist 8.3, NRT (lozenge) 8.6, NRT (gum) 9.9, snus 8.9, moist snuff (loose) 7.7, moist snuff (pouch) 7.9)
  3. * The measured analyte was below the quantification limit