Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water and wastewater: a review of treatment processes and use of photocatalyst immobilized on functionalized carbon in AOP degradation

Oluwole, Adewumi Olufemi; Omotola, Elizabeth Oyinkansola; Olatunji, Olatunde Stephen

doi:10.1186/s13065-020-00714-1

Table 1 Commonly detected PPCPs in different environmental matrices and their occurrence levels around the world

From: Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water and wastewater: a review of treatment processes and use of photocatalyst immobilized on functionalized carbon in AOP degradation

PPCPs	Concentration (µg/L)	Country	Source	References
Sulfamethoxazole	0.33–0.61	Beijing	River and sewage water	[25]
	2.00	Australia	Surface water	[26]
	3.00	Australia	Wastewater treatment plant influent	[26]
	0.20	Australia	Wastewater treatment plant effluent	[26]
	34.50	Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa	Wastewater treatment plant influent	[24]
	3.68	Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa	Surface water	[22]
	0.049	Scaynes Hill, UK	Wastewater treatment plant influent	[27]
	0.023	Scaynes Hill, UK	Wastewater treatment plant effluent	[27]
Nalidixic acid	1.73–30.84	Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa	Surface water	[22]
	29.9	Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa	WWTW influent	[28]
	25.2	Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa	WWTW effluent	[28]
	0.20	Australia	WWTW influent	[26]
	0.45	Australia	WWTW effluent	[26]
	0.75	Australia	Hospital effluent; Wastewater treatment plant	[26]
Aspirin	0.664	South Wales, UK	Cilfynydd wastewater treatment influent	[29]
	0.027	South Wales, UK	Cilfynydd wastewater treatment effluent	[29]
	2.49	South Wales, UK	Coslech Wastewater treatment Influent	[29]
	0.02	South Wales, UK	Coslech Wastewater treatment effluent	[29]
	2.566	Catalonia, Spain	Wastewater Influent	[30]
	0.034	Catalonia, Spain	Wastewater effluent	[30]
	0.012	Catalonia, Spain	Surface Water	[30]
	874	Canada	Influent sewage treatment plants	[31]
	59.6	Canada	Effluent sewage treatment plants	[31]
	118.00	Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa	Wastewater treatment plant influent	[28]
	44.20	South Africa	Wastewater treatment plant effluent	[28]
Naproxen	0.838	South Wales, UK	Cilfynydd wastewater treatment influent	[29]
	0.37	South Wales, UK	Cilfynydd wastewater treatment effluent	[29]
	1.173	South Wales, UK	Coslech wastewater treatment influent	[29]
	0.17	South Wales, UK	Coslech wastewater treatment effluent	[29]
	5.938	Korea	WWTP influent	[32]
	0.120	Korea	WWTP effluent	[32]
	52.30–55.00	Gauteng, South Africa	WWTP influent	[23]
	13.50–20.40	Gauteng, South Africa	WWTP effluent	[23]
Ibuprofen	1.68	South Wales, UK	Cilfynydd wastewater treatment influent	[29]
	0.26	South Wales, UK	Cilfynydd wastewater treatment effluent	[29]
	2.29	South Wales, UK	Coslech wastewater treatment influent	[29]
	0.14	South Wales, UK	Coslech wastewater treatment effluent	[29]
	5–8	Canada	Wastewater effluent	[33]
	62.82	Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa	WWTW influent	[24]
	58.71	Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa	WWTW effluent	[24]
	9.494	Korea	WWTP influent	[32]
	0.015	Korea	WWTP effluent	[32]
Acetaminophen	211.38	South Wales, UK	Cilfynydd wastewater treatment influent	[29]
	11.73	South Wales, UK	Cilfynydd wastewater treatment effluent	[29]
	178.12	South Wales, UK	Coslech wastewater treatment influent	[29]
	0.35	South Wales, UK	Coslech wastewater treatment effluent	[29]
	11.3	France	WWTP influents	[34]
	5.76	Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa	WWTW influent	[24]
	74.552	Korea	WWTP influent	[32]
	0.023	Korea	WWTP effluent	[32]
Carbamazepine	1.69	South Wales, UK	Cilfynydd wastewater treatment influent	[29]
	2.49	South Wales, UK	Cilfynydd wastewater treatment effluent	[29]
	0.95	South Wales, UK	Coslech wastewater treatment influent	[29]
	0.83	South Wales, UK	Coslech wastewater treatment effluent	[29]
	1.9	Canada	Wastewater treatment influent	[31]
	2.3	Canada	Wastewater treatment influent	[31]
	0.42	Tainan, Taiwan	WWTP effluent	[35]
Diclofenac	22.3	Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa	Wastewater treatment plant influent	[28]
	12.4	Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa	Wastewater treatment plant effluent	[28]
	15.3–19.4	Germany	Wastewater treatment plant	[19]
	0.21–0.49	France	WWTP effluents	[34]
	0.397	Scaynes Hill, UK	Wastewater treatment plant influent	[27]
	0.119	Scaynes Hill, UK	Wastewater treatment plant effluent	[27]
	0.251	Sapporo, Japan	Municipal wastewater treatment plant influent	[36]
	0.145	Sapporo, Japan	Municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent	[36]
Tetracyclines	0.10	Australia	WWTW influent	[26]
	0.02	Australia	WWTW effluent	[26]
	0.6–5.7	Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa	Surface water	[22]
	0.003–0.008	Tianjin China	Municipal wastewaters influents	[37]
Bisphenol A	1.52	Tianjin China	Municipal wastewaters influents	[37]
	0.190–1.0789	Harbin city, China	Wastewater influents	[38]
	0.0614–0.1755	Harbin city, China	Wastewater effluent	[38]
	0.028	Pretoria and Cape Town, South Africa	Drinking water	[39]
	0.002	Germany	Drinking water	[40]
	0.047	Germany	Sewage Treatment effluents	[40]
	0.014	Germany	River Water	[40]
Triclosan	78.40–127.70	Gauteng, South Africa	WWTP influent	[23]
Benzophenone	1.5–8.58	Nagpur city, India	Sewage treatment plant	[41]
Benzophenone	10.70–22.90	Gauteng, South Africa	WWTP effluent	[23]
Estrone	0013–0.351	Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa	WWTW influent	[42]
	0.078–0.158	Tianjin China	Municipal wastewaters influents	[37]
	0.003–0.078	Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa	WWTW effluent	[42]
	0.0102–0.0349	Harbin city, China	Wastewater influents	[38]
	0.0083–0.014	Harbin city, China	Wastewater effluents	[38]
17-β-Estradiol	0.02–0.199	Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa	WWTW influent	[42]
	0.004–0.107	Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa	WWTW effluent	[42]
	0.011–0.054	Tianjin China	Municipal wastewaters influents	[37]
	0.0466–0.093	Harbin city, China	Wastewater influents	[38]
	0.0087–0.0324	Harbin city, China	Wastewater effluents	[38]
	0.0041	California, USA	Municipal wastewater effluent	[43]
Estriol	0.003–0.009	Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa	WWTW influent	[42]
Estriol	0.042–0.162	Tianjin China	Municipal wastewaters influents	[37]
Progesterone	0.163–0.904	Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa	WWTW influent	[42]
Progesterone	0.025	Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa	WWTW effluent	[42]
Testosterone	0.119–0.635	Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa	WWTW influent	[42]
Testosterone	0.026	Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa	WWTW influent	[42]

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ISSN: 2661-801X

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