Examination of paraben release from baby teethers through migration tests and GC–MS analysis using a stable isotope dilution assay

Table 3 Methylparaben (MeP), ethylparaben (EtP), and n-propylparaben (n-PrP) release from gel-filled baby teethers into water and saliva simulant and their detected concentrations in plastic and gel material

Baby teether	Migration test/product material	Individual paraben concentrations			Total paraben amount	Units
Baby teether	Migration test/product material	MeP	EtP	n-PrP	Total paraben amount	Units
No. 1	Water	41 (17.3)	< LOD	62 (31.6)	103	µg 100 mL⁻¹
No. 1	Saliva simulant	34 (7.3)	< LOD	74 (1.0)	108	µg 100 mL⁻¹
No. 1	Plastic	506	< LOD	736	1242	µg g⁻¹
No. 1	Gel	367	< LOD	52	419	µg g⁻¹
No. 2	Water	54 (8.9)	< LOD	95 (25.3)	149	µg 100 mL⁻¹
No. 2	Saliva simulant	46 (3.1)	< LOD	102 (23.2)	148	µg 100 mL⁻¹
No. 2	Plastic	258	< LOD	376	634	µg g⁻¹
No. 2	Gel	140	< LOD	24	164	µg g⁻¹
No. 3	Water	69 (20.6)	< LOD	32 (3.7)	101	µg 100 mL⁻¹
No. 3	Saliva simulant	30 (1.8)	< LOD	27 (0.6)^a	57	µg 100 mL⁻¹
No. 3	Plastic	269	< LOD	95	364	µg g⁻¹
No. 3	Gel	399	< LOD	23	422	µg g⁻¹
No. 4	Water	111 (12.8)	< LOD	51 (1.4)	162	µg 100 mL⁻¹
No. 4	Saliva simulant	87 (2.3)	< LOD	47 (6.4)	134	µg 100 mL⁻¹
No. 4	Plastic	341	171	< LOD	512	µg g⁻¹
No. 4	Gel	519	74	< LOD	593	µg g⁻¹

Migration test values: mean concentration with range (number in brackets) from two independently examined products
Product material values: results from single analyses (n = 1)
LOD limit of detection, LOQ limit of quantification
^aMean concentration calculated as 27.2 µg 100 mL⁻¹, above the estimated LOQ value of 27.1 µg 100 mL⁻¹

ISSN: 2661-801X