Production and validation of model iron-tannate dyed textiles for use as historic textile substitutes in stabilisation treatment studies

Table 1 Dye formulations used to produce substitute iron-tannate dyed textiles

Dye code		Substrate	Liquor: Fabric^a	Dyebath A^b	Dyebath B	Dyebath A+	Dyeing sequence
Proteinaceous	p1	Wool + silk	200 : 3.23	0.02 M FeSO₄.7H₂O 55°C, 1 hour	6.5 g.L^-1 TA 55°C, 3 hours	0.009 M FeSO₄.7H₂O 55°C, 1 hour	A B A B A+
	p2	Wool + silk	200 : 3.23	0.02 M FeSO₄.7H₂O + 0.002 M CuSO₄.5H₂O 55°C, 1 hour	6.5 g.L^-1 TA 55°C, 3 hours	0.009 M FeSO₄.7H₂O + 0.0009 M CuSO₄.5H₂O 55°C, 1 hour	A B A B A+
	p3	Silk	200 : 0.62	0.005 M FeSO₄.7H₂O 55°C, 1 hour	3.5 g.L^-1 Gx 55°C, 3 hours	0.002 M FeSO₄.7H₂O 55°C, 1 hour	A B A B A+
Cellulosic	c1	Cotton + abaca	60 : 2.01	15 g.L^-1 TA 20°C, 2 hours	0.04 M FeSO₄.7H₂O 20°C, 2 hours	-	A B A B A B
	c2	Cotton + abaca	60 : 2.01	15 g.L^-1 TA 20°C, 2 hours	0.04 M FeSO₄.7H₂O + 0.005 M CuSO₄.5H₂O 20°C, 2 hours	-	A B A B A B
	c3	Cotton	60 : 1.22	16.6 g.L^-1 Gx 20°C, 2 hours	0.024 M FeSO₄.7H₂O 20°C, 2 hours	-	A B A B A B

a. Ratio in litres of dyebath : total mass of fabric in kilograms.
b. Abbreviations are as follows: TA: 50:50 mixture of non-purified and purified tannic acid extracts from Chinese galls and sumac, respectively; Gx: non-purified gall powder.
c. In p1, the final quantity of iron (A+) was added directly to the final dyebath B but in p2 and p3, it was applied in a separate dyebath due to substantial and problematic foam formation in p1. Since an unknown quantity of tannic acid remained in the final dyebath B in p1 when the iron (A+) was added, the effective concentration of iron ions available for binding with tannic acid on or within the textile fibres is lower than that in p2 and p3.

ISSN: 2661-801X