Table 3 The physicochemical characteristics of water samples collected from four different areas (36 sites) of Lake Hawassa during the wet season (Temp. °C; pH, Turbidity, NTU; Electrical Conductivity, µS/cm; Total Dissolved Solids, mg/L; Nutrients (Sulfate, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, fluoride), mg/L; Heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, K), mg/L)
From: The impact of sewage effluents on water quality of Lake Hawassa, Ethiopia
Area | EC | Turbidity | T | TDS | pH | Fe | Mn | Cr | Cu | K | Fluoride | Nitrite | Nitrate | Sulfate | Phosphate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tikur Wuha | 137.0 | 11.5 | 25.4 | 87.4 | 9.1 | 0.06 | 0.65 | 0.040 | 0.31 | 29.0 | 4.09 | 0.008 | 1.6 | 11.3 | 0.23 |
Tikur Wuha | 137.0 | 11.9 | 25.3 | 87.5 | 9.2 | 0.08 | 0.65 | 0.020 | 0.34 | 29.5 | 4.09 | 0.007 | 1.7 | 11.2 | 0.24 |
Tikur Wuha | 137.0 | 11.6 | 25.4 | 87.5 | 9.4 | 0.04 | 0.6 | 0.040 | 0.31 | 28.0 | 4.08 | 0.008 | 1.6 | 11.2 | 0.23 |
Tikur Wuha | 138.0 | 11.5 | 25.4 | 87.9 | 9.3 | 0.07 | 0.4 | 0.020 | 0.33 | 29.0 | 4.08 | 0.006 | 1.7 | 11.3 | 0.24 |
Tikur Wuha | 138.0 | 11.7 | 25.4 | 87.9 | 9.3 | 0.07 | 0.4 | 0.030 | 0.34 | 29.5 | 4.09 | 0.007 | 1.7 | 11.5 | 0.24 |
Tikur Wuha | 136.0 | 11.8 | 25.3 | 88.5 | 9.3 | 0.08 | 0.7 | 0.030 | 0.33 | 29.5 | 4.09 | 0.008 | 1.7 | 11.5 | 0.23 |
Tikur Wuha | 138.0 | 11.9 | 25.2 | 87.8 | 9.4 | 0.08 | 0.6 | 0.030 | 0.31 | 28.0 | 4.08 | 0.008 | 1.6 | 11.3 | 0.23 |
Tikur Wuha | 136.5 | 11.5 | 25.2 | 87.6 | 9.1 | 0.05 | 0.6 | 0.035 | 0.32 | 28.6 | 4.07 | 0.006 | 1.5 | 11.1 | 0.21 |
Tikur Wuha | 138.5 | 11.6 | 25.1 | 88.2 | 9.3 | 0.05 | 0.6 | 0.035 | 0.34 | 28.6 | 4.07 | 0.006 | 1.5 | 11.1 | 0.21 |
Haile Resort | 137.9 | 23.2 | 24.2 | 88.2 | 9.3 | 0.07 | 0.5 | 0.021 | 0.31 | 9.0 | 5.18 | 0.020 | 78.0 | 17.3 | 0.25 |
Haile Resort | 137.5 | 22.6 | 24.2 | 88.4 | 9.3 | 0.06 | 0.6 | 0.040 | 0.34 | 9.5 | 5.12 | 0.016 | 79.0 | 17.3 | 0.24 |
Haile Resort | 137.6 | 23.0 | 24.4 | 88.3 | 9.2 | 0.07 | 0.6 | 0.040 | 0.31 | 9.3 | 5.12 | 0.020 | 80.0 | 18.0 | 0.24 |
Haile Resort | 137.8 | 23.0 | 24.3 | 88.4 | 9.3 | 0.07 | 0.6 | 0.030 | 0.33 | 9.2 | 5.18 | 0.018 | 79.0 | 18.0 | 0.24 |
Haile Resort | 137.8 | 23.0 | 24.3 | 88.4 | 9.3 | 0.07 | 0.7 | 0.030 | 0.33 | 9.3 | 5.18 | 0.015 | 79.0 | 18.0 | 0.24 |
Haile Resort | 137.7 | 23.2 | 24.3 | 88.4 | 9.3 | 0.06 | 0.7 | 0.040 | 0.34 | 9.5 | 5.18 | 0.015 | 79.0 | 17.3 | 0.24 |
Haile Resort | 137.5 | 21.0 | 24.2 | 88.3 | 9.3 | 0.06 | 0.7 | 0.020 | 0.34 | 9.5 | 5.11 | 0.017 | 79.0 | 17.6 | 0.23 |
Haile Resort | 137.7 | 23.0 | 24.2 | 88.3 | 9.3 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 0.030 | 0.33 | 9.5 | 5.32 | 0.019 | 80.0 | 17.6 | 0.23 |
Haile Resort | 137.8 | 23.0 | 24.3 | 88.3 | 9.2 | 0.06 | 0.6 | 0.020 | 0.34 | 9.5 | 5.31 | 0.019 | 80.0 | 17.9 | 0.23 |
Gudumale | 137.9 | 11.9 | 24.2 | 88.2 | 9.3 | 0.06 | 0.6 | 0.020 | 0.34 | 9.2 | 4.18 | 0.011 | 89.0 | 19.0 | 0.23 |
Gudumale | 137.5 | 11.9 | 24.2 | 88.4 | 9.3 | 0.06 | 0.6 | 0.030 | 0.32 | 9.1 | 4.20 | 0.017 | 89.0 | 17.0 | 0.24 |
Gudumale | 137.7 | 12.3 | 24.4 | 88.3 | 9.1 | 0.05 | 0.6 | 0.020 | 0.31 | 9.1 | 4.17 | 0.012 | 90.0 | 17.0 | 0.24 |
Gudumale | 137.7 | 12.2 | 24.3 | 88.3 | 9.1 | 0.05 | 0.7 | 0.020 | 0.32 | 9.1 | 4.19 | 0.016 | 89.0 | 20.0 | 0.24 |
Gudumale | 137.7 | 12.2 | 24.3 | 88.3 | 9.1 | 0.07 | 0.7 | 0.020 | 0.32 | 9.2 | 4.19 | 0.019 | 90.0 | 20.0 | 0.24 |
Gudumale | 137.8 | 11.9 | 24.3 | 88.3 | 9.1 | 0.08 | 0.7 | 0.030 | 0.32 | 9.2 | 4.20 | 0.018 | 90.0 | 18.0 | 0.24 |
Gudumale | 137.9 | 11.9 | 24.4 | 88.4 | 9.4 | 0.06 | 0.6 | 0.030 | 0.32 | 9.1 | 4.19 | 0.012 | 90.0 | 18.0 | 0.23 |
Gudumale | 137.8 | 12.2 | 24.4 | 88.4 | 9.2 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 0.030 | 0.32 | 9.3 | 4.20 | 0.027 | 89.0 | 17.0 | 0.23 |
Gudumale | 137.8 | 12.2 | 23.4 | 88.3 | 9.1 | 0.07 | 0.5 | 0.030 | 0.31 | 9.3 | 4.20 | 0.016 | 87.0 | 17.0 | 0.24 |
Hiteta | 137.2 | 19.1 | 22.7 | 98 | 9 | 0.013 | 0.8 | 0.021 | 0.03 | 26.0 | 7.40 | 0.005 | 39.2 | 5.0 | 0.27 |
Hiteta | 137.2 | 19.3 | 22.9 | 100 | 9.2 | 0.016 | 0.6 | 0.017 | 0.04 | 25.0 | 7.50 | 0.004 | 39.4 | 7.0 | 0.38 |
Hiteta | 137.2 | 19.1 | 22.7 | 99 | 9.1 | 0.015 | 0.6 | 0.017 | 0.03 | 25.0 | 7.30 | 0.006 | 39.2 | 8.0 | 0.28 |
Hiteta | 137.1 | 19.1 | 22.7 | 99 | 9.1 | 0.014 | 0.7 | 0.018 | 0.03 | 26.0 | 7.50 | 0.005 | 39.4 | 6.0 | 0.26 |
Hiteta | 137.1 | 19.3 | 22.8 | 98 | 9.1 | 0.016 | 0.8 | 0.022 | 0.03 | 23.0 | 7.50 | 0.005 | 39.4 | 8.0 | 0.26 |
Hiteta | 137.2 | 19.3 | 22.8 | 98 | 9.1 | 0.014 | 0.5 | 0.029 | 0.03 | 23.0 | 7.50 | 0.004 | 39.3 | 5.0 | 0.26 |
Hiteta | 137.2 | 19.1 | 22.8 | 98 | 9.1 | 0.017 | 0.6 | 0.015 | 0.03 | 23.0 | 7.40 | 0.004 | 39.3 | 5.0 | 0.24 |
Hiteta | 137.2 | 19.1 | 23.2 | 99 | 9.1 | 0.015 | 0.6 | 0.018 | 0.04 | 27.0 | 7.40 | 0.006 | 39.2 | 6.0 | 0.26 |
Hiteta | 137.1 | 19.3 | 23.2 | 100 | 9.2 | 0.017 | 0.7 | 0.019 | 0.04 | 27.0 | 7.30 | 0.006 | 39.3 | 6.0 | 0.28 |