An eco-friendly separation-based framework for quantitative determination and purity testing of an antihypertensive ternary pharmaceutical formulation

Table 3 System suitability parameters of the proposed HPTLC-densitomety and CZE-DAD methods

Method	Parameter	CT	AML	TIM	HCT	DSA	Reference value [34]
HPTLC-densitometry	Retardation factor (R_f) ± 0.02^a	0.18	0.28	0.44	0.64	0.74
	Capacity factor (k′)^b	4.56	2.57	1.27	0.56	0.35
	Selectivity (α)^c	1.77	2.02	2.27		1.60	> 1
	Resolution (R_s)^d	1.89	2.73	2.81		1.76	R_s > 1.5
	Tailing factor (T)	0.99	1.00	0.92	1.01	1.12	T ≤ 2
	Number of theoretical plates (N)	246.49	317.48	825.25	855.5	3816.49

	Parameter	TIM	AML	DSA	HCT	Reference value [13]
CZE-DAD	Selectivity (α)^e	1.12	1.94		1.18	> 1
	Resolution (R_s)^e		2.00	24.00	5.70	Rs > 1.5
	Tailing factor (T)	1.15	1.12	1.03	1.12	T ≤ 2
	Number of theoretical plates (N)^f	9216	4993.78	51,076	11,320.96	N ˃ 2000
	Number of theoretical plates per meter (TPM)^g	19,002.06	10,296.44	105,311.34	23,342.18
	Migration time (min ± 0.2)	2.15	2.40	5.11	6.02

^aRetardation factor (R_f) = distance travelled by the analyte/distance travelled by the solvent front
^bCapacity factor (k′) = (1 − R_f)/R_f
^cSelectivity (α) = k′₂/k′₁ calculated for each of two successive peaks
^dResolution (R_s) = z₂ − z₁/0.5 (w₁ + w₂), where z₂ − z₁ is the distance between two adjacent spot centers and w is the peak width calculated for each of two successive peaks
^eSelectivity and resolution as extracted from the software
^fNumber of theoretical plates (N) = 16(T_R/W)²
^gNumber of theoretical plates per meter (TPM) = [1600(T_R/W)²]/L, where L is the total capillary length in cm

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