Eco-friendly resolution of spectrally overlapping signals of a combined triple-action over-the-counter pharmaceutical formulation for symptomatic management of COVID-19 pandemic: application to content uniformity testing

Table 5 Greenness assessment comparison between the proposed spectrophotometric methods and the reported HPLC–DAD method according to Analytical Eco−Scale, NEMI, GAPI and AGREE tools

The proposed spectrophotometric methods
Eco-Scale assessment		NEMI pictogram	GAPI assessment^c	AGREE assessment^d
Reagents	Penalty points (PPs)
Methanol	6
Instrument
Energy consumption^a	0
Occupational Hazard	0
Waste^b	3
Total PPs	9
Analytical Eco-Scale total score	91
Comment	Excellent green analysis

The reported HPLC–DAD Method [10]
Eco-Scale assessment		NEMI pictogram	GAPI assessment^c	AGREE assessment^d
Reagents	Penalty points (PPs)
Methanol	6
Water	0
Triethylamine (TEA)	6
Phosphoric acid (OPA)	2
Instrument
Energy consumption^a	1
Occupational Hazard	0
Waste^b	5
Total PPs	20
Analytical Eco-Scale total Score	80
Comment	Excellent green analysis

^aScore of ‘0’ is given as for UV–Vis Spectrometry; < 0.1 kWh per sample and ‘1’ is given as for LC technique; the energy used is ≤ 1.5 kWh per sample
^bCalculated as: the consumed volume per sample analysis is < 10 mL (sample cuvette volume), while as run time × flow rate for HPLC method
^cGAPI Assessment evaluated according to Green Analytical Procedure Index parameters description [31]
^dAGREE Assessment evaluated by using Analytical GREEnness Metric approach and Software [32]

ISSN: 2661-801X