From: Stimulated generation of photobiogas by morphologically tuned nanostructured ZnO and ZnO/TiO2
Catalyst (Capping agent) | Crystallite size | Surface area | Band gap energy | Rate constant | TOC% | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ZnO | TiO2 | SBET (m2 g−1) | Vtotal (cm3 g−1) | Eg (eV) | EVB | ECB | EVB | ECB | k (min−1) | |||
Direct | Indirect | For direct Eg (eV) | For indirect Eg (eV) | |||||||||
ZnO | 56 | – | 14.05 | 0.113 | 3.162 | – | 2.78 | − 0.38 | – | – | 0.04 ± 0.003 | 28.00 |
ZnO (PS) | 30 | – | 14.99 | 0.058 | 3.187 | – | 2.79 | − 0.39 | – | – | 0.04 ± 0.003 | 24.02 |
ZnO (CTAB) | 27 | – | 40.22 | 0.139 | 3.194 | – | 2.80 | − 0.40 | – | – | 0.07 ± 0.004 | 38.10 |
ZnO (ACAC) | 28 | – | 47.50 | 0.113 | 3.180 | – | 2.79 | − 0.39 | – | – | 0.08 ± 0.007 | 69.13 |
ZnO/TiO2 | 18.00 | 53.24 | 113.57 | 0.12 | 3.160 | 3 | 2.80 | − 0.36 | 2.81 | − 0.19 | 0.06 ± 0.007 | 31.96 |
ZnO/TiO2 (PS) | 13.09 | 15.70 | 116.4 | 0.13 | 3.177 | 3.02 | 2.81 | − 0.37 | 2.82 | − 0.20 | 0.05 ± 0.007 | 42.19 |
ZnO/TiO2 (CTAB) | 12.00 | 42.01 | 96.60 | 0.22 | 3.192 | 3.04 | 2.82 | − 0.38 | 2.83 | − 0.21 | 0.07 ± 0.007 | 49.32 |
ZnO/TiO2(ACAC) | 37.60 | 43.86 | 217.08 | 0.21 | 3.176 | 2.84 | 2.81 | − 0.37 | 2.73 | − 0.11 | 0.09 ± 0.008 | 90.98 |