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Table 5 Comparison of present method with reported methods for the determination of 4-MeI

From: Application of gas flow headspace liquid phase micro extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determination of 4-methylimidazole in food samples employing experimental design optimization

Extraction method

Instrument used

Linear range (µg L−1)

R2

LODa (µg L−1)

LOQc (µg L−1)

EFd

Ref

VA-IL-DLLM

UV–Vis

4–500

0.9917

1.15

3.82

200

[26]

SFE

HPLC-ESI-MS

1–70

0.9993

0.1

0.4

–

[23]

d-SPE

LC–MS

1–200

0.9996

4

10

–

[50]

ion-pair extraction

GC–MS

2000–250,000

0.9999

–

40

–

[4]

DMSPE

LC-HRMS

0.05–5

1–100

0.9994

0.9996

0.5

1

–

[22]

Dilution in eluent

LC-MS-MS

1–100

0.9998

40

80

–

[10]

d-SPE

LC-MS/MS

1–200

0.999

100

-

–

[51]

DLLME

ESIHPLC–

MS–MS

0.5–500

0.999

0.1

0.3

–

[52]

Ion-pair extraction

GC–MS

250–10,000

0.9976

130

250

–

[14]

SPE

LC–MS-MS

0.3–20

0.9999

0.4

0.7

–

[20]

SPE

HPLC–ESI–MS

1–70

0.9993

0.1

0.4

–

[17]

SPME

GC–MS

6–500

0.997

1.9

6.0

–

[21]

SPE

HPCEC-PAD

50–10,000

0.997

15

45

–

[18]

Dilute-and-shoot

LC–MS

TOX.IS

0–500

0–1000

0.993

0.996

1.2

ND

4.0

2.5

–

[57]

Immunization and monoclonal antibody preparation

IC-ELISA

640–20,480

0.9931

–

–

–

[25]

Conjugates of Fluorescent microspheres (FMs)

Fluorescence-based ICA

500–32,000

0.991

180

600

–

[53]

DLLME

HPLC–PDA

20–500

0.998

3.8

12.7

–

[54]

SPE

AMTC-PAD

100–10,000

0.997

15

45

–

[19]

GF-HS-SDME

GC–MS

3.2–300.0

0.998

1.1

2.9

58.5

This study

  1. aLimit of detection (S/N = 3)
  2. bLinear dynamic range
  3. cLimit of quantification (S/N = 10)
  4. dEnrichment factor