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Table 1 The experimental field definition for PBD

From: Application of gas flow headspace liquid phase micro extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determination of 4-methylimidazole in food samples employing experimental design optimization

Variable

Symbol

Low ( −)

High ( +)

Micro-drop volume (µL)

Drop volume

2.0

5.0

Sample volume (mL)

Sample volume

1.0

8.0

Stirring speed (rpm)

Stirring speed

100

1200

Extraction temperature (oC)

Temp

60.0

120.0

Extraction time (min)

Time

20

60

pH

pH

4.0

10.0

Ionic strength (g mL−1)

Salt

0.0

0.5

Gas flow (mL min−1)

N2

0.0

4.5

Extraction solvent ratio (%)

GLY:EG

Glycerol

Ethylene glycol