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Table 5 Comparison of liquid versus dried urine analytes (n = 18)

From: Reliability of a dried urine test for comprehensive assessment of urine hormones and metabolites

Variable

Dried

Liquid

Difference (95% CI)

ICC (95% CI)

Hormones (n = 18)

 Estrone (ug/d)

10.78 (6.26, 18.73)

12.78 (7.22, 20.65)

1.28 [0.09, 2.47]a

0.92 [0.80, 0.97]

 Estradiol (ug/d)

1.32 (0.70, 3.26)

1.29 (0.74, 3.36)

0.09 [-0.01, 0.19]

0.96 [0.89, 0.98]

 Estriol (ug/d)

6.82 (3.45, 11.64)

7.15 (4.76, 14.41)

0.86 [0.05, 1.67]a

0.90 [0.77, 0.96]

 2-Hydroxyestrone (ug/d)

2.22 (0.98, 6.24)

1.84 (1.17, 6.24)

− 0.01 [− 0.18, 0.16]

0.98 [0.94, 0.99]

 2-Hydroxyestradiol (ug/d)

0.18 (0.09, 0.58)

0.18 (0.08, 0.47)

0.00 [− 0.02, 0.03]

0.97 [0.92, 0.99]

 4-Hydroxyestrone (ug/d)

0.31 (0.16, 0.67)

0.40 (0.25, 0.62)

0.03 [− 0.02, 0.09]

0.95 [0.87, 0.98]

 16-Hydroxyestrone (ug/d)

0.69 (0.42, 1.48)

0.61 (0.39, 1.24)

− 0.07 [− 0.18, 0.05]

0.95 [0.87, 0.98]

 2-Methoxyestrone (ug/d)

1.64 (1.05, 3.56)

1.70 (1.50, 3.58)

0.12 [− 0.07, 0.30]

0.97 [0.94, 0.99]

 Testosterone (ug/d)

7.64 (4.97, 49.46)

8.42 (5.80, 51.40)

2.07 [− 0.26, 4.40]

0.99 [0.98, 1.00]

 Epitestosterone (ug/d)

7.23 (4.01, 11.23)

8.21 (4.23, 13.98)

0.51 [− 0.06, 1.07]

0.99 [0.97, 1.00]

 5a-Dihydrotestosterone (ug/d)

5.53 (2.72, 11.59)

4.94 (2.68, 10.35)

− 0.61 [− 1.02, − 0.19]a

0.99 [0.97, 1.00]

 Androsterone (ug/d)

1331.99 (929.43, 1933.30)

1237.63 (813.31, 1847.10)

− 33.02 [− 105.70, 39.67]

0.99 [0.98, 1.00]

 Etiocholanolone (ug/d)

847.93 (430.73, 1088.18)

943.49 (414.13, 1161.61)

19.76 [− 13.02, 52.54]

0.99 [0.98, 1.00]

 5α-Androstanediol (ug/d)

110.09 (57.50, 197.14)

119.40 (65.63, 226.93)

15.67 [− 12.67, 44.01]

0.90 [0.76, 0.96]

 5β-Androstanediol (ug/d)

35.58 (14.05, 72.42)

46.39 (14.72, 65.39)

− 0.54 [− 13.93, 12.85]

0.88 [0.73, 0.95]

 DHEA (ug/d)

131.42 (52.69, 444.35)

130.86 (53.27, 457.05)

8.65 [− 36.66, 53.96]

1.00 [0.99, 1.00]

 6-Hydroxymelatoninsulfate (ug/d)

7.87 (5.93, 14.33)

8.26 (5.93, 14.67)

0.04 [− 1.14, 1.21]

0.99 [0.98, 1.00]

Organic Acids (n = 20)

 Methylmalonic acid (ng/mg-Cr)

0.18 (0.15, 0.23)

0.18 (0.16, 0.25)

0.00 [− 0.01, 0.02]

0.96 [0.90, 0.98]

 Homovanillic acid (ng/mg-Cr)

0.52 ± 0.17

0.52 ± 0.16

− 0.01 [− 0.05, 0.02]

0.88 [0.74, 0.95]

 Vanillylmandelic acid (ng/mg-Cr)

0.45 ± 0.13

0.41 ± 0.12

− 0.05 [− 0.08, -0.02]a

0.79 [0.57, 0.91]

 Kynurenic acid (ng/mg-Cr)

0.26 ± 0.08

0.25 ± 0.08

− 0.01 [− 0.02, − 0.00]a

0.95 [0.88, 0.98]

 Xanthurenic acid (ng/mg-Cr)

0.06 (0.05, 0.08)

0.06 (0.05, 0.07)

− 0.00 [− 0.00, 0.00]

0.98 [0.95, 0.99]

 5-HIAA (ng/mg-Cr)

0.46 (0.43, 0.57)

0.44 (0.40, 0.55)

− 0.01 [− 0.05, 0.02]

0.98 [0.96, 0.99]

 Pyroglutamic acid (ng/mg-Cr)

4.42 ± 0.72

4.06 ± 0.69

− 0.41 [− 0.58, − 0.23]b

0.75 [0.51, 0.89]

 β-Hydroxyisovaleric acid (ng/mg-Cr)

0.29 ± 0.12

0.27 ± 0.12

− 0.02 [− 0.03, − 0.00]a

0.95 [0.88, 0.98]

  1. For liquid and dried measurements, data presented as mean ± SD for normally distributed variables and median (IQR) for skewed variables; the differences were normally distributed and are presented as mean [95% CI]
  2. ap < 0.05; bp < 0.0001 for the liquid minus dried difference by paired t-test
  3. 5-HIAA: 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid; Cr: creatinine, DHEA: dehydroepiandrosterone; ICC: intraclass correlation coefficient