Table 3 Levels of coumarin in tobacco and tobacco products
From: Analysis of coumarin and angelica lactones in smokeless tobacco products
Tobacco type or product | Country | Samples with coumarin/total samples | Level (ng/g) | Comments | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flue-cured | Brazil, Malawi, Zimbabwe, US | 11/12 | < LOD-900 | Results on DWB, LOD 50 ng/g | Christakopoulos et al. [17] |
Air-cured | Poland, Italy, Zimbabwe, US | 6/8 | 250–1300 | ||
Sun-cured | Greece, Turkey | 1/2 | < LOD-250 | ||
Fire-cured | Poland, US | 6/6 | 1600–4200 | ||
Burley | US | 1/1 | 600 | Result on WWB (9% water) | Fujimori et al. [18] |
Zarda | SE Asia | 2 | 3.8 × 105, 4.4 × 105 | Results on WWB LOD 380 ng/g | Lisko et al. [30] |
Qiwam | SE Asia |  | 1.9 × 105 | ||
Snuff | US | 0/2 | < LOD | ||
Clove cigarette filler | US | 1/2 | < LOD-4600 | ||
Cigarette filler | US | 1/68 | < LOD-390 | Results on WWB LOD 13 ng/g | Stanfill and Ashley [20] |
Bidi filler | India (from US market) | 1/17 | < LOD-3.6 × 103 | Results on WWB LOD 200 ng/g | Stanfill et al. [32] |
Rapé snuff | Brazil | 9/11 tobacco containing | < LOD-2.8 × 106 | Results on WWB Several contained tonka bean | Stanfill et al. [31] |
2/2 non-tobacco | 5.8 × 106 − 1.7 × 107 |