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Table 3 Circadian study of the Lippia thymoides oils on the rainy and dry seasons

From: Planting and seasonal and circadian evaluation of a thymol-type oil from Lippia thymoides Mart. & Schauer

Oil constituents (%)

Oil yields (%)

RIC

RIL

February—rainy season

September—dry season

0.9

0.9

1.1

0.9

0.7

0.8

0.7

0.9

0.8

0.5

0.8

0.6

6 am

9 am

12 am

3 pm

6 pm

9 pm

6 am

9 am

12 am

3 pm

6 pm

9 pm

(3Z)-Hexenol

853

850

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

 

0.1

  

0.1

α-Thujene

922

924

0.6

1.0

1.2

1.4

0.7

1

0.1

0.2

0.5

0.7

0.4

0.8

α-Pinene

934

932

 

0.1

0.1

0.1

 

0.1

 

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

 

Camphene

948

946

  

0.1

0.1

    

0.1

 

0.1

 

Sabinene

971

969

       

0.1

 

0.1

0.1

 

β-Pinene

978

974

0.1

 

0.2

0.2

       

0.1

1-Octen-3-ol

979

974

      

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

Myrcene

987

988

1.0

1.0

1.2

1.5

1.0

1

0.6

0.6

0.8

1.6

1.2

1.8

α-Phellandrene

1000

1002

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

 

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

iso-Sylvestrene

1007

1007

      

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

α-Terpinene

1015

1014

 

0.7

 

1.2

0.7

0.6

0.9

0.9

1.1

1.6

1.3

1.5

p-Cymene

1022

1020

6.4

4.7

7.8

6.7

5.5

4.7

4.8

4.1

7.0

8.4

6.8

8.8

Limonene

1025

1024

   

0.2

  

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.4

1,8-Cineole

1028

1026

   

0.3

  

0.5

0.3

0.4

0.6

0.6

0.8

(E)-β-Ocimene

1047

1044

  

0.1

0.1

  

0.1

 

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

γ-Terpinene

1058

1054

4.9

4.9

5.8

6.8

4.8

4.9

6.4

7.0

8.3

8.4

8.0

7.6

cis-Sabinene hidrate

1064

1063

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

     

Terpinolene

1087

1086

  

0.1

0.1

  

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

Linalool

1094

1095

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

Camphor

1143

1141

   

0.1

  

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

Umbellulone

1169

1167

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

 

0.1

0.2

Terpinen-4-ol

1176

1174

     

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

 

0.1

0.3

α-Terpineol

1186

1186

0.4

0.1

0.2

0.3

  

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.6

0.4

 

Thymol methyl ether

1231

1232

0.9

0.4

0.7

0.7

0.4

0.4

1.7

1.5

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.2

Thymol

1296

1289

75.6

77.7

70.0

66.6

77.8

77.8

65.7

65.9

67.8

62.6

61.5

63.2

Thymol acetate

1354

1349

5.1

4.6

6.0

7.3

4.5

4.6

7.1

9.0

4.5

5.5

6.9

4.7

Eugenol

1355

1354

0.1

      

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

 

α-Copaene

1372

1374

  

0.1

   

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

  

(E)-Caryophyllene

1419

1417

2.9

3.3

3.8

3.6

3.0

3.3

5.7

5.1

4.1

4.3

6.3

4.8

trans-α-Bergamotene

1433

1432

  

0.1

0.1

   

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

Aromadendrene

1439

1439

      

0.1

0.1

0.1

   

α-Humulene

1454

1452

0.4

0.3

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.8

0.8

0.5

0.6

0.9

0.7

γ-Muurolene

1479

1478

 

0.1

0.1

0.1

 

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

Germacrene D

1485

1484

0.4

0.3

0.6

0.5

0.3

0.3

0.7

0.8

0.4

0.6

0.9

0.7

γ-Amorphene

1497

1495

      

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

 

α-Muurolene

1501

1500

  

0.1

    

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

 

δ-Amorphene

1512

1511

      

0.1

 

0.1

0.1

  

γ-Cadinene

1514

1513

0.1

 

0.1

0.1

  

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

δ-Cadinene

1524

1522

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

 

0.1

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.2

α-Cadinene

1538

1537

   

0.1

  

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

  

Humulene epoxide II

1607

1608

      

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

α-Cadinol

1654

1652

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

 

14-Hydroxi-9-epi-(E)-caryophyllene

1670

1668

     

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

Monoterpene hydrocarbons

  

13.1

12.5

16.7

18.5

12.8

12.4

13.3

13.5

18.5

21.6

18.7

21.4

Oxygenated monoterpenes

  

82.4

83.1

77.2

75.6

83.0

83.2

76.2

77.7

74.6

70.6

71.0

70.6

Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons

  

3.9

4.1

5.5

5.0

3.6

4.1

8.5

7.7

6.1

6.5

9.1

6.8

Oxygenated sesquiterpenes

  

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.4

Other compounds

  

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.3

Total (%)

  

99.8

99.9

99.7

99.5

99.6

99.9

98.7

99.6

99.9

99.4

99.5

99.5

  1. RIC: calculated retention index (DB-5 ms column); RIL: literature retention index (Adams [17]); Main constituents in italics