Table 1 The chemical constituents occurring in the aboveground portion of D. nipponica

Phenanthrene-based compounds

4,6-Dihydroxy-2,3,7-trimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (19)

[57]

1-(4,7-Dihydroxy-2,6-dimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrenyl)-4,7-dihydroxy-2,6-dimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (20)

[57, 58]

7-Hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (21)

[57]

2,7-Dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (22, 6-methoxycoelonin)

[57, 59]

4,7-Dihydroxy-2,3,6-trimethoxyphenanthrene (23)

[57, 60]

3,7-Dihydroxy-2,4,6-trimethoxyphenanthrene (24)

[57]

1-(2,7-Dihydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenanthrenyl)-2,7-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenanthrene (25)

[57]

7-Hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-phenanthraquinone (26, dioscoreanone)

2-ethoxy-7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-phenanthraquinone (27)

[57]

Phenols and organic acidic compounds

3′,5-Dihydroxy-3,4′-dimethoxybibenzyl (28)

[57]

4,4′-Dihydroxy-3,3′-dimethoxy-trans-stilbene (29)

[57, 61]

1,7-bis(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,4,6-heptatrien-3-one (30)

[57, 59, 61]

1,7-bis(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4,6-heptabien-3-one (31)

[57, 61]

3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (32, protocatechuic acid)

[57, 61]

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (33, vanillic acid)

[57, 61]

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (34)

[57, 61]

Pyrocatechol (35)

[57, 61]

Coumarins

(3S)-6,8-dihydroxy-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin (36, montroumarin)

[57, 58]

Flavonoids

Kaempferol (37)

[57, 61]

Kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (38)

[57, 58]

Kaempferol-3-O-β-rutinoside (39)

[57, 58]

Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (40, rutin)

[57, 61]

Glycosides

4-Hydroxyphenethyl-ol-4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (41, icariside D2)

[57, 61]

Steroids

Daucosterol (42)

[57, 58]

Polyols

d-Mannitol (43)

[57, 58]