|
Country
|
Storage time
|
Storage temperature (°C)
|
HMF concentration (mg/kg)
|
References
|
|---|
|
Asia
|
|
Bangladesh
|
> 1.5 years
|
20–25
|
3.18–703.10
|
[76]
|
|
India
|
Fresh
|
–
|
0.15–1.70
|
[160]
|
|
Malaysia (year)
|
< 1
|
4–5
|
0.26–68.99
|
[108]
|
|
> 1
|
25–30
|
206.06–383.39
|
[81]
|
|
> 2
|
25–30
|
986.57–1131.76
|
|
Nepal
|
–
|
25–29
|
30.36–56.10
|
[131]
|
|
Pakistan
|
–
|
4–5
|
ND–6.00
|
[3]
|
|
–
|
–
|
23.18–27.37
|
[74]
|
|
Iran
|
–
|
–
|
0.04–17.20
|
[104]
|
|
Turkey
|
Fresh
|
–
|
0.00–11.50
|
[188]
|
|
< 6 months
|
–
|
19.20–28.6
|
[91]
|
|
1 year
|
20 ± 5
|
8.60–39.00
|
[188]
|
|
Europe
|
|
Italy
|
Fresh
|
–
|
1.23–5.95
|
[47]
|
|
Croatia
|
–
|
–
|
0.00–23.69
|
[173]
|
|
Czech Republic
|
4 years
|
20 ± 2
|
10.30–44.20
|
[80]
|
|
Poland
|
–
|
–
|
0.70–3.50
|
[89]
|
|
Portugal
|
–
|
Room temperature
|
18.00–94.00
|
[66]
|
|
Spain
|
< 3 years
|
–
|
0.00–21.39
|
[116]
|
|
Northwest Spain
|
< 2 years
|
− 30
|
0.00–1.60
|
[120]
|
|
Switzerland
|
< 7 years
|
4
|
0.00–112.00
|
[148]
|
|
Africa
|
|
Algeria
|
< 1 year
|
4–6
|
1.73–480.00
|
[36, 82]
|
|
Burkina Faso
|
< 1 year
|
0–4
|
3.00–27.50
|
[103]
|
|
Ethiopia
|
< 6 months
|
–
|
0.68–6.56
|
[25, 85]
|
|
Kenya
|
< 1 year
|
25 ± 2
|
3.70–389.36
|
[112]
|
|
Morocco
|
–
|
4
|
3.20–52.60
|
[169]
|
|
Nigeria
|
< 6 months
|
–
|
0.66–1.43
|
[16]
|
|
Tanzania
|
–
|
–
|
5.00–26.40
|
[115]
|
|
South America
|
|
Argentina
|
–
|
23 ± 2
|
0.05–2.94
|
[21]
|
|
Within 2 months
|
–
|
1.48–34.08
|
[34]
|
|
Argentinean Patagonia
|
> 3 years
|
–
|
0.00–14.70
|
[8]
|
|
Brazil
|
–
|
–
|
1.50–115.20
|
[5, 162]
|
|
North America
|
|
Cuba
|
< 1 year
|
4
|
3.30–15.90
|
[9]
|
|
Mexico
|
–
|
Room temperature
|
9.01–21.96
|
[106]
|
|
Australia
|
|
Australia
|
2 years
|
− 18
|
1.30–12.40
|
[71]
|
- ND not detected, HMF 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
