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Table 2 Identified free, bound and total individual phenolics and flavonoids from black, red and brown rice bran

From: Phytochemical constituents, antioxidant activity, and antiproliferative properties of black, red, and brown rice bran

Rice bran

Black (RB218)

Red (RP511)

Brown (IR425)

Phenolic acids and flavonoids

Free

Bound

Total

Free

Bound

Total

Free

Bound

Total

Protocatechuic acid

6.18a ± 0.78

ND

6.18a ± 0.63

5.31b ± 0.74

ND

5.31b ± 0.67

2.87c ± 0.59

ND

2.87c ± 0.39

Syringic acid

17.50c ± 1.20

6.90f ± 0.91

24.40a ± 1.59

15.25d ± 1.27

6.25f ± 0.57

21.50b ± 1.65

11.26e ± 0.72

3.16g ± 0.55

14.42d ± 1.15

Ferulic acid

7.46f ± 0.88

20.58c ± 1.46

28.04a ± 1.80

5.27 g ± 0.86

18.56d ± 1.06

23.83b ± 1.89

3.51 h ± 0.73

14.28e ± 1.01

17.79d ± 1.37

Cinnamic acid

19.98b ± 1.38

5.55e ± 0.69

25.53a ± 1.92

15.33c ± 1.19

ND

15.33c ± 1.09

9.61d ± 0.92

ND

9.61d ± 0.84

p-coumaric acid

10.41d ± 1.04

22.94b ± 1.84

33.35a ± 2.06

6.18e ± 0.79

18.35c ± 1.11

24.53b ± 1.53

4.08e ± 0.58

12.63d ± 0.96

16.71c ± 1.18

Quercetin

11.89b ± 0.98

3.66e ± 0.21

15.55a ± 1.20

8.10d ± 0.94

1.17g ± 0.24

9.27c ± 1.04

2.71f ± 0.66

0.16h ± 0.02

2.87f ± 0.36

Apigenin

12.56b ± 1.47

2.75f ± 0.18

15.31a ± 1.07

5.508 ± 0.68

0.81g ± 0.09

6.39c ± 0.88

3.48e ± 0.61

0.74g ± 0.12

4.22d ± 0.44

Catechin

15.64b ± 1.16

6.41f ± 0.80

22.05a ± 1.32

12.66c ± 0.92

3.24g ± 0.46

15.90b ± 1.02

7.27e ± 0.79

1.69h ± 0.25

8.96d ± 0.89

Luteolin

10.72a ± 0.81

ND

10.72a ± 0.91

7.74b ± 0.81

ND

7.74b ± 0.82

2.35c ± 0.24

ND

2.35c ± 0.30

Myrecitin

12.85a ± 1.15

ND

12.85a ± 0.88

12.82a ± 0.90

ND

12.82a ± 0.94

5.68b ± 0.38

ND

5.68b ± 0.72

  1. Data are means of triplicate measurements ± standard deviation. Means not sharing a common single letter in each row for each measurement were significantly different at p < 0.05
  2. ND not detected