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Table 7 Carcinogenic risk assessment (CRing) of Cr, Pb and Cd at different times of groundwater samples collected around Muledane village through ingestion pathway for adults and children between January, April and June

From: Evaluation of water quality and human risk assessment due to heavy metals in groundwater around Muledane area of Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Metals

January

April

June

Adults

Children

Adults

Children

Adults

Children

Cr

5.24E−07–9.04E−06

2.00E−06–3.45E−05

2.89E−07–2.13E−06

1.10E−06–8.12E−06

3.68E−07–1.81E−06

1.40E−06–6.93E−06

Pb

5.67E−06–3.05E−05

2.17E−05–1.16E−04

2.41E−05–9.29E−05

9.21E−05–3.55E−04

9.57E−06–8.19E−05

3.66E−05–3.13E−04

Cd

4.94E−09–9.88E−09

1.89E−08–3.77E−08

4.94E−09–9.88E−09

1.89E−08–3.77E−08

4.94E−09–7.41E−09

1.89E−08–2.83E−08