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Table 6 Chronic risk assessment (CDIing) of heavy metals in groundwater samples taken around Muledane village through daily ingestion pathway during January, April and June for adults and children

From: Evaluation of water quality and human risk assessment due to heavy metals in groundwater around Muledane area of Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Metals

January

April

June

Adults

Children

Adults

Children

Adults

Children

Cr

2.73E−04–4.71E−03

1.04E−03–1.80E−02

1.51E−04–1.11E−03

5.76E−04–4.24E−03

1.92E−04–9.46E−04

7.30E−04–3.61E−03

Cu

3.144E−04–4.62E03

1.20E−03–1.76E−02

2.16E−03–1.28E−02

8.23E−03–4.89E−02

6.29E−04–5.69E−03

2.40E−03–2.17E−02

Fe

6.91E−03–5.85E−02

2.64E−02–2.23E−01

4.74E−03–3.03E−02

1.81E−02–1.16E−01

4.94E−03–4.56E−02

1.89E−02–1.74E−01

Mn

3.14E−04–2.70E−02

1.20E−03–1.03E−01

2.50E−03–3.82E−02

9.56E−03–1.46E−01

3.74E−04–9.80E−03

1.43E−03–3.74E−02

Pb

5.03E−05–2.70E−04

1.92E−04–1.03E−03

2.14E−04–8.23E−04

8.16E−04–3.14E−03

8.49E−05–7.26E−04

3.24E−04–2.77E−03

Zn

1.26E−03–7.54E−03

4.80E−03–2.88E−02

1.33E−03–7.34E−03

5.09E−03–2.80E−02

8.80E−05–4.46E−03

3.36E−04–1.70E−02

Cd

3.14E−05–6.29E−05

1.20E−04–2.40E−04

3.14E−05–6.29E−05

1.20E−04–2.40E−04

3.14E−05–4.17E−05

1.20E−04–1.80E−04