A review of phytochemistry, metabolite changes, and medicinal uses of the common sunflower seed and sprouts (Helianthus annuus L.)

Table 1 Chemical constituents identified from sunflower family (Asteraceae)

Flavonoids	Skeleton	3	5	7	3′	4′	Refs
Kaempferol	[1-4]	OH	OH	OH	H	OH	[35]
Apigenin	[1-3]	H	OH	OH	H	OH	[35]
Dihydroflavonol	[1-7]	OH	H	H	H	H	[35]
Genistein	[1-6]	–	OH	OH	H	OH	[35]
Genistin	[1-5]	–	OH	Oglc	H	OH	[35]
Daidzein	[1-5]	–	H	OH	H	OH	[35]
Daidzin	[1-5]	–	H	Oglc	H	OH	[35]
Biochanin A	[1-5]	–	OH	OH	H	OCH₃	[35]
Formononetin	[1-5]	–	H	OH	H	OCH₃	[35]
Luteolin	[1-3]	H	OH	OH	OH	OH	[35]
Quercetin	[1-4]	OH	OH	OH	OH	OH	[35]
Phenolic acids		R1	R2	R3	R4		[33]
3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3-CQA)	[1-8, 1-10]	H	C	H	H		[33]
5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA)	[1-8, 1-10]	H	H	H	C		[33]
4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4-CQA)	[1-8, 1-10]	H	H	C	H		[33]
5-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid	[1-8, 1-9]	H	H	H	pCo		[33]
5-O-feruloylquinic acid	[1-8, 1-11]	H	H	H	F		[33]
3,4-Di-o-caffeoylquinic acid (3,4-diCQA)	[1-8, 1-10]	H	C	C	H		[33]
3,5-Di-o-caffeoylquinic acid (3,5-diCQA)	[1-8, 1-10]	H	C	H	C		[33]
4,5-Di-o-caffeoylquinic acid (4,5-diCQA)	[1-8, 1-10]	H	H	C	C		[33]

ISSN: 2661-801X