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Table 2 Central composite design: factor (Xi), response variable (Y) and residual

From: Optimization of enzymatic esterification of dihydrocaffeic acid with hexanol in ionic liquid using response surface methodology

Run

Concentration of hexanola (mM × 10−4)

Enzyme amountb (%)

Reaction time (h)

Reaction temperature (°C)

Conversion (%)

Predicted (%)

Residual

X1

X2

X3

X4

Y

Y0

Y − Y0

12c

5.5 (0)

25.0 (0)

48.0 (0)

50.0 (0)

65.131

62.222

2.909

11

8.8 (+1)

35.0 (+1)

24.0 (−1)

60.0 (+1)

25.054

28.459

−3.404

4

2.2 (−1)

15.0 (−1)

24.0 (−1)

60.0 (+1)

17.151

23.714

−6.563

23

2.2 (−1)

15.0 (−1)

72.0 (+1)

40.0 (−1)

12.597

16.561

−3.964

5

2.2 (−1)

35.0 (+1)

24.0 (−1)

40.0 (−1)

18.375

9.751

8.623

26

8.8 (+1)

15.0 (−1)

72.0 (+1)

60.0 (+1)

29.213

36.068

−6.855

3

8.8 (+1)

35.0 (+1)

72.0 (+1)

40.0 (−1)

81.140

78.966

2.174

14c

5.5 (0)

25.0 (0)

48.0 (0)

50.0 (0)

64.554

62.222

2.332

1

2.2 (−1)

35.0 (+1)

72.0 (+1)

60.0 (+1)

19.431

24.580

−5.149

19

8.8 (+1)

15.0 (−1)

24.0 (−1)

40.0 (−1)

21.519

11.621

9.897

6

5.5 (0)

25.0 (0)

8.0 (−1.66)

50.0 (0)

17.720

25.369

−7.649

25

11.0 (1.66)

25.0 (0)

48.0 (0)

50.0 (0)

35.044

34.562

0.482

13c

5.5 (0)

25.0 (0)

48.0 (0)

50.0 (0)

62.571

60.415

2.156

28c

5 (0)

25.0 (0)

48.0 (0)

50.0 (0)

60.401

60.415

−0.014

22

5.5 (0)

8.3 (−1.66)

48.0 (0)

50.0 (0)

35.341

34.698

0.643

7

5.5 (0)

25.0 (0)

87.9 (1.66)

50.0 (0)

66.911

59.798

7.113

20

5.5 (0)

41.6 (1.66)

48.0 (0)

50.0 (0)

55.932

57.111

−1.179

15

5.5 (0)

25.0 (0)

48.0 (0)

66.6 (1.66)

45.865

41.460

4.405

27

0.0 (−1.66)

25.0 (0)

48.0 (0)

50.0 (0)

0.000

1.018

−1.018

9

5.5 (0)

25.0 (0)

48.0 (0)

33.3 (−1.66)

38.220

43.160

−4.94

30

2.2 (−1)

35.0 (+1)

24.0 (−1)

60.0 (+1)

21.574

20.005

1.569

2

8.8 (+1)

15.0 (−1)

72.0 (+1)

40.0 (−1)

42.416

48.361

−5.945

18

8.8 (+1)

35.0 (+1)

72.0 (+1)

60.0 (+1)

69.420

65.198

4.222

10

8.8 (+1)

15.0 (−1)

24.0 (−1)

60.0 (+1)

15.065

13.174

1.891

29c

5.5 (0)

25.0 (0)

48.0 (0)

50.0 (0)

66.363

69.144

−2.781

16

2.2 (−1)

35.0 (+1)

72.0 (+1)

40.0 (−1)

24.885

28.172

−3.287

8

2.2 (−1)

15.0 (−1)

24.0 (−1)

40.0 (−1)

15.505

11.986

3.519

24

2.2 (−1)

15.0 (−1)

72.0 (+1)

60.0 (+1)

49.382

42.135

7.247

17

8.8 (+1)

35.0 (+1)

24.0 (−1)

40.0 (−1)

53.586

56.072

−2.486

21c

5.5 (0)

25.0 (0)

48.0 (0)

50.0 (0)

65.196

69.144

−3.948

  1. aSubstrate molar ratio was selected correspondingly to 0.5 − 2(2.2–8.8 × 10−4 mM) hexanol to dihydrocaffeic acid (4.4 × 10−4 mM)
  2. b15–35% relative to the total weight of substrates
  3. c Center point