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Table 2 Yield (mean relative peak intensity) of identified anti HIV analogues extracted from B. pilosa using modified PHWE

From: The effect of temperature and methanol–water mixture on pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) of anti-HIV analogoues from Bidens pilosa

Parameters

3,4-diCQA

3,5-diCQA

Cis-3,5-diCQA

4,5-diCQA

CA

CA isomer

T50C0

0.21 ± 0.09a

3.70 ± 0.33a

0.00 ± 0.00a

2.00 ± 0.15a

2.82 ± 0.23a

0.00 ± 0.00a

T50C20

1.91 ± 0.93a

18.30 ± 8.02a

0.36 ± 0.36a

3.21 ± 0.88a

19.85 ± 8.57a

2.27 ± 1.14a

T50C40

37.12 ± 9.42b,c

188.24 ± 2.48e

9.64 ± 4.86b,c

85.13 ± 2.21c

131.47 ± 3.65 c,d

36.27 ± 1.97b,c,d

T50C60

32.54 ± 10.41b,c

204.23 ± 3.16e

4.01 ± 3.67a,b,c

91.71 ± 2.10 c,d

141.00 ± 3.55d

30.13 ± 0.55b,c

T100C0

10.18 ± 4.04ab

80.05 ± 17.96b

2.95 ± 1.26a,b

20.59 ± 5.00b

127.02 ± 2.76b,c,d

34.36 ± 2.62b,c,d

T100C20

44.93 ± 8.51c

150.46 ± 16.03 c,d

0.10 ± 0.10a

84.22 ± 1.31c

105.23 ± 18.68b

28.77 ± 5.67b

T100C40

26.98 ± 10.69a,b,c

186.70 ± 4.43e

4.56 ± 3.97a,b,c

99.97 ± 3.11d,e

130.53 ± 3.00 c,d

33.55 ± 2.82b,c,d

T100C60

32.90 ± 10.42b,c

185.83 ± 2.99e

12.07 ± 5.54c

96.93 ± 2.81d

111.86 ± 13.39b,c

30.87 ± 4.78b,c

T150C0

53.04 ± 13.49c

124.75 ± 15.97c

0.00 ± 0.00a

108.05 ± 4.76d,e

121.66 ± 2.86b,c,d

30.19 ± 0.60b,c

T150C20

38.77 ± 12.29b,c

127.69 ± 19.96d,c

0.16 ± 0.16a

93.67 ± 3.40d

126.17 ± 2.23b,c,d

40.01 ± 1.14d

T150C40

51.35 ± 9.81c

181.25 ± 4.98d,e

0.76 ± 0.26a

98.48 ± 2.55d

128.33 ± 2.51b,c,d

38.03 ± 0.59 c,d

T150C60

41.54 ± 10.46c

175.11 ± 2.64de

0.07 ± 0.07a

99.66 ± 2.21d,e

123.48 ± 2.28b,c,d

37.37 ± 0.55 c,d

Level of significance

***

***

**

***

***

***

  1. Values represent means of triplicate extraction yield ± SEM (standard error of the mean). Values within the same column followed by different superscripts are significantly different (p < 0.05). Level of significance *** p < 0.001, and ** p < 0.01. Values in italics (within a column) represent the highest extraction yields for the molecule
  2. T50C0—extraction at 50 °C and 0 % methanol; T50C20—extraction at 50 °C and 20 % methanol; T50C40—extraction at 50 °C and 40 % methanol; T50C60—extraction at 50 °C and 60 % methanol; T100C0—extraction at 100 °C and 0 % methanol; T100C20—extraction at 100 °C and 20 % methanol; T100C40—extraction at 50 °C and 40 % methanol; T100C60—extraction at 50 °C and 60 % methanol; T150C0—extraction at 50 °C and 0 % methanol; T150C20—extraction at 50° °C and 20 % methanol; T150C40—extraction at 50 °C and 40 % methanol; T150C60—extraction at 50 °C and 60 % methanol