Analysis of steroid hormones and their conjugated forms in water and urine by on-line solid-phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Table 6 Comparison of measured concentrations of the studied estrogens in wastewater samples (in ng L⁻¹)

Estrogens	Present study		a		c		e		f		g		h
Estrogens	WW	Eff	WW	Eff	WW	Eff	WW	Eff	WW	Eff	WW	Eff	WW	Eff
E3-3S	<41	<6.3	NA	<0.3	6.5–333	0.6–160	<1.6	<0.42	NA	NA	14	14	NA	NA
E2-17G	<51	<21	NA	<3.1	ND	ND	<1.7	<0.52	NA	NA	<3	<3	NA	NA
E2-17S	<28	<3.3	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
E1-3S	<76	<27	NA	0.3–2.2	1.2–170	ND–42	2.9	3.9	10	12	25	25	NA	NA
E2-3S	<13	<5.3	NA	<0.2–1.0	3.2–957	ND–94	<1.1	<0.22	NA	NA	3.3	3.3	NA	NA
E3	<52	<10	NA	NA	ND–660	ND–275	100	ND	50	1.0	33–187	0.43–18	74–234	46–175
E2	<14	<9.5	NA	NA	ND–162	ND–158	2	ND	5.0	0.7	4–25	0.55–3.3	ND–74	ND–51
E1	<26	<9.7	NA	2.5–34	ND–670	ND–147	100	5	15	3.0	25–132	2.5–82	ND–376	ND–42
EE2	<62	<25	NA	NA	NA	NA	15	5	1.2	1.0	0.43–13	ND–1	ND	ND

Concentrations in ng L⁻¹
NA not analyzed
ND not detected
Eff effluent
WW wastewater
a Isobe et al. [44], 1000 mL volume sample
c Liu et al. [1], no information about volume sample
e Gentili et al. [37], 2000 mL river, 250 mL effluent and 100 wastewater volume sample
f Koh et al. [38], 1000 mL volume sample
g Baronti et al. [15], 400 mL wastewater and 150 mL wastewater volume sample
h Fayad [39], 10 mL volume sample

ISSN: 2661-801X