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Table 4 Concentration of heavy metals in wines from different European viticulture countries (mg/L)

From: Vertical distribution and analysis of micro-, macroelements and heavy metals in the system soil-grapevine-wine in vineyard from North-West Romania

Origin

Analytical technique

Cu

Zn

Pb

Ni

Cd

References

Spain

ICP-AES

0.30

0.53

nd

nd

nd

Alvarez et al. [51]

Slovenia

FAAS-ETAAS

0.12

0.50

0.03

nd

0.0003

Kristl et al. [40]

Romania

FAAS

0.23

0.46

0.09

0.04

ULD

This study

Romania, Moldova

ICP-MS

0.602

0.473

0.043

0.058

nd

Geana et al. [52]

Ukraine

ICP-AES

0.48

0.45

0.03

0.06

nd

Vystavna et al. [3]

Greece

FAAS

0.2-0.6

0.3-3.1

0.018-0.42

nd −2.3

0.006

Galani-Nikolakaki et al. [53]

OIV

AAS

1.0

5

0.15

–

0.01

OIV [41]

  1. adapted from Vystavna et al. [3].
  2. nd - was not determined in the referenced study.
  3. ULD - under the limit of detection.