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Electrostatic
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Coulomb attraction/repulsion between unperturbed electron densities
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Long range especially monopolar charges of ions (÷1/RL+1; where L is the sum of the multipole orders; L = 0 for charge-charge interactions)
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Monopole-monopole interactions are not directional; increasing directionality for higher multipolar moments
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Stabilization or destabilization, depending on the sign and orientation of the electrostatic moments of the interacting systems
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Induced polarization
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Coulomb attraction between electron density of one molecule and field induced polarization of the other
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Shorter range (÷1/R4)
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Medium-Small
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Stabilization
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Dispersion
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Coulomb attraction between mutually polarized electron densities
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Quite short range (÷1/R6)
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Small
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Stabilization
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Short range repulsion
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The reduced probability of having two electrons with the same spin very close to each other (Fermi-hole)
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Very short range (÷1/R12 or exponential)
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None
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Destabilization
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Charge Transfer
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Interaction between frontier orbitals of the interacting systems it implies partial covalence
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Occurs only for contacts shorter than van der Waals distances
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Very high
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Stabilization
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