Validation of an analytical method based on the high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry for the fast-sequential determination of several hazardous/priority hazardous metals in soil

Table 3 Descriptive statistics for the Bland and Altman test (95% confidence level, m = 3 independent samples)

Element	Within-method standard deviation (mg/kg)		Between-method standard deviation (s_B) (mg/kg)	Confidence interval of bias $\bar{Δ} \pm t \frac{s_{B}}{\sqrt{n}}$ (mg/kg)	Confidence intervals for limits of agreement $\bar{Δ} \pm 1.96 s_{B} \pm t \cdot s_{LL, UL}$ (mg/kg)
	ICP-OES	HR-CS-AAS
Ag (n = 25)	0.4	0.3	1.8	-0.5 ± 0.8	-4.1 ± 1.3
Ag (n = 25)	0.4	0.3	1.8	-0.5 ± 0.8	3.1 ± 1.3
Cd (n = 25)	1.0	0.8	2.7	-0.6 ± 1.1	-5.9 ± 1.8
Cd (n = 25)	1.0	0.8	2.7	-0.6 ± 1.1	4.8 ± 1.8
Co (n = 25)	0.7	0.7	1.4	0.2 ± 0.6	-2.6 ± 0.8
Co (n = 25)	0.7	0.7	1.4	0.2 ± 0.6	3.0 ± 0.8
Cr (n = 25)	1.3	1.4	3.9	0.9 ± 1.6	-6.9 ± 2.5
Cr (n = 25)	1.3	1.4	3.9	0.9 ± 1.6	8.6 ± 2.5
Cu (n = 34) (<1000)^a	30.1	18.7	33.4	4.8 ± 11.7	-60.8 ± 14.0
Cu (n = 34) (<1000)^a	30.1	18.7	33.4	4.8 ± 11.7	70.3 ± 14.0
Cu (n = 16) (1000–22000)^a	260	246	390	-57 ± 208	-821 ± 258
Cu (n = 16) (1000–22000)^a	260	246	390	-57 ± 208	707 ± 258
Ni (n = 25)	0.9	1.9	2.5	-0.4 ± 1.0	-5.3 ± 1.3
Ni (n = 25)	0.9	1.9	2.5	-0.4 ± 1.0	4.5 ± 1.3
Pb (n = 28) (<1000)^a	29.6	22.9	42.5	4.9 ± 16.5	78.3 ± 20.8
Pb (n = 28) (<1000)^a	29.6	22.9	42.5	4.9 ± 16.5	88.2 ± 20.8
Pb (n = 14) (1000–10000)^a	174	56	214	-36 ± 123	-455 ± 162
Pb (n = 14) (1000–10000)^a	174	56	214	-36 ± 123	383 ± 162
Pb (n = 13) (10000–60000)^a	712	494	1477	-243 ± 893	-3138 ± 1343
Pb (n = 13) (10000–60000)^a	712	494	1477	-243 ± 893	2652 ± 1343
Zn (n = 30) (< 1000)^a	7.5	5.2	13.2	-3.3 ± 4.9	-29.1 ± 6.9
Zn (n = 30) (< 1000)^a	7.5	5.2	13.2	-3.3 ± 4.9	22.6 ± 6.9
Zn (n = 20) (> 1000)^a	122	90	169	13 ± 79	-319 ± 100
					345 ± 100

ISSN: 2661-801X