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Table 5 Seasonal element concentrations (average, min and max levels expressed as ng m -3 ) in PM 10 determined by INAA and IPAA in atmospheric particulate sampled in downtown Rome

From: Deep investigation on inorganic fraction of atmospheric PM in Mediterranean area by neutron and photon activation analysis

Element

Summer

Winter

 

Average

Min

Max

Average

Min

Max

Ag

0.22

0.1

0.5

0.25

0.1

0.6

Al

2900

500

5300

800

200

1600

As

6

1

15

4

1

9

Ba

60

30

120

30

5

70

Br

40

20

70

70

10

140

Ca

2200

800

4200

1200

300

2000

Cd

0.4

0.3

0.9

0.75

0.3

2

Ce

5.6

0.7

10

2

0.2

5

Cl

1300

300

3900

1400

300

4700

Co

0.7

0.4

1.2

0.5

0.1

0.9

Cr

7

4

13

16

2

38

Cs

1.2

0.6

2.2

0.6

0.2

1.3

Eu

0.08

0.04

0.14

0.03

0.01

0.07

Fe

2200

1000

3600

1100

400

2700

Hf

0.36

0.15

0.62

0.13

0.01

0.30

Hg

0.14

0.05

0.36

0.13

0.03

0.20

I

6

3

8

6

3

10

K

1120

50

1900

320

50

1000

La

5

2

9

2

0.3

4

Mg

1090

50

2700

560

200

1200

Mn

40

15

60

35

10

90

Mo

0.5

0.2

0.6

2

0.3

7

Na

1500

300

7000

730

200

3500

Ni

1.7

1

5

8

3

13

Pb

120

80

200

270

80

840

Rb

17

10

30

7

2

15

Sb

2

0.7

4

2

0.7

7

Sc

0.3

0.1

0.5

0.1

0.03

0.2

Se

0.7

0.2

1.1

0.5

0.2

1.3

Ta

0.03

0.01

0.05

0.01

0.005

0.02

Tb

0.055

0.1

0.10

0.024

0.01

0.05

Th

3

1

5

0.9

0.3

2.5

Ti

540

200

1050

265

200

500

Tl

1

0.5

2

1.4

0.5

4

U

0.4

0.1

0.7

0.2

0.06

0.4

V

8

1

15

14

8

23

Zn

110

50

260

190

50

520

Zr

50

10

90

20

5

50