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Table 3 CNT aquatic toxicity

From: Bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity of carbon nanotubes

  

Extremely toxic

Very toxic

Toxic

Harmful

Not toxic

(<0.1 mg/L)

(0.1-1 mg/L)

(1–10 mg/L)

(10–100 mg/L)

(>100 mg/L)

SWCNT

invertebrates

X

X

X

  
 

vertebrates

 

X

  

X

DWCNT

invertebrates

 

X

X

X

 
 

vertebrates

  

X

 

X

MWCNT

invertebrates

 

X

X

X

 
 

vertebrates

   

X

X

  1. The CNT aquatic toxicity classified according to the European Union Commission Guideline 93/67/EEC, introduced for nanoparticle toxicity by [131].