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Table 2 Concentration of micronutrients with a high upper intake limit (Fe, Zn, Mn) in tablets compared to maximum accepted level, and daily intake (DI) as recommended on tablet label and compared to recommended daily allowance and permitted levels

From: Evaluation of heavy metals content in dietary supplements in Lebanon

Sample ID

Fe (μg/g)

DI* (μg/day) Fe

Zn (μg/g)

DI* (μg/day) Zn

Mn (μg/g)

DI* (μg/day) Mn

V1

1120

3841

3570

12245

328

1124

V2

346

252

14

10

5.5

4

V3

1836

2295

396

494

2.5

3

VM1

9439

6513

9986

6890

2028

1399

VM2

7659

12637

1918

3164

8.7

1396

VM3

5801

5743

1199

1187

743

735

VM4

11788

5894

5108

3554

1962

981

VM5

36

55

3.5

5

17

25

VM6

2420

4654

1839

2776

10

15

VM7

9389

15117

2784

4482

1409

2269

VM8

72

97

16054

21673

3.5

5

VM9

41

62

3136

4705

852

1278

VM10

21280

15534

9895

6566

132

96

VM11

1942

8465

823

3586

361

1575

VM12

35

128

1307

4731

639

2315

VM13

13494

19162

5067

7195

43

62

M1

82

253

2.1

7

63

196

M2

24

31

961

1250

4.4

5.2

M3

56

212

1263

4799

480

1826

M4

58

186

3.5

11

14

45

M5

6

24

806

3553

6.5

29

M6

68

133

6.7

13

13

25

M7

25

70

6.1

8

8.2

11

H1

578

399

3.3

3

12

8

H2

50

65

1.1

1.4

1.1

0.7

H3

888

462

10.5

5.5

1.0

0.5

H4

5

3

4452

2894

1.5

0.9

H5

85

66

8.4

6.5

59

46

H6

47

34

2.0

1.5

4.5

3

H7

26

19

10.5

7.7

5.3

4

H8

47

25

2.9

1.6

6.2

3

H9

15

5

1.0

0.3

2.1

0.6

H10

27

14

1.8

0.9

3.3

1.5

MAL**

1500a

-

1500a

-

250b

 

PDE†

-

15000 a

-

15000 a

 

2500 b

RDA/FDA‡

-

8000 c

-

8000 c (female)

-

-

11000 c (male)

WHO/FAO‡‡

-

4800 d

-

6000 e

-

-

  1. *DI: daily intake calculated from mass of tablet and labeled recommended tablets per day.
  2. **MAL: Maximum accepted levels of metals in Tablets (μg/g)according to US Pharmacopeia (USP).
  3. †PDE: Permitted Daily exposure (μg/day) according to US Pharmacopeia (USP).
  4. ‡RDA: Recommended daily allowance after FDA [6].
  5. ‡‡WHO/FAO : Permissible daily intake calculated from using provisional tolerable intake and body weight of 60 kg and 10% due to dietary supplements [35].
  6. aUSP [20]b USP [34]c FDA[6]d JECFA [36]e JECFA [38].