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Table 2 EDS (Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy) data of standard black-ivory and black-vine samples.

From: Characterization of black pigment used in 30 BC fresco wall paint using instrumental methods and chemometry

Black-Ivory

C ++++  P +

O ++   Si n

Ca +   + +

Black-Vine

C ++++  Fe ++

O ++   Ca +

Si +++  S n

Mg ++  Mn n

  1. Legend of concentrations:
  2. ++++ = very high
  3. +++ = high
  4. ++ = medium
  5. + =low
  6. n = negligible