Table 7 Main bioaccessibility results for materials tested using an in vitro procedure calibrated with in vivo data

Flanders soil

91±4

[29, 43, 60, 61, 63, 64, 82, 84, 109]RBALP (Gastric)

Oker 11 soil

56±4

47 Omaha community smelter soils, US

68-69 (average)

HER-2930 smelter soil, US

69±1.5 (using Dr Drexler’s Pb levels)

85±1.1 (using EPA’s average bulk Pb levels)

17 residential soils, tailings, and slags from mining waste sites, US

14±1.7 to 90±3.1

1 NIST paint

75±3.8

1 Galena

6±2.3

8 shooting range soils, US

83±1 to 100±3

20 soils from the N-S transect, US (agricultural, grazing land, open range, forested land, residential, desert)

3.7 to 39

70 samples of tap water particles

1.5 to 100

9 soils from mining sites*

3.1±0.1 to 99.3±14.3

[86]RIVM (Intestinal)

1 NIST paint* + soil

86.2 ± 2.3

1 Galena*

1.7 ± 0.2

15 mining soils, France

9-75 (Intestinal)

[65, 66, 95, 133, 134]UBM

10 smelting soils, France

34-90 (Intestinal)

27 urban topsoils, France

11-63 (Intestinal)

12 soils (mining, composite, phosphate-treated), 1 dust, from various studies (European and North American)

0.6±0.1 to 112.8±18.5 (Gastric)

0.1±0.1 to 89.5±91.3 (Intestinal)

2 urban residential soils, Australia

20.0±4.0 to 26.1±6.5

[67, 68, 112]SBRC (Intestinal)

3 domestic incinerator soils, Australia

11.7±2.8 to 22.5±5.0

3.2±2.6 to 8.5±0.6^†

Brushal, Carl-1, Hamburg, and Oker-11 soils^§

30.7±6.1 to 62.9±11.0

9 shooting range soils, Australia

21.3-102.6

59±3.7 to 92±9.0 (3 soils)^†

5 historical fill soils, Australia

5.5-26.1 (4 soils)

10.7±0.7 to 16.6±1.1 (2 soils)^†

13 mining/smelting soils, Australia

11.6-82.5

31±18.4 to 74±17.3 (3 soils)^†

1 gasworks, Australia

27.2

27±1.6^†

1 geogenic, Australia

12.5