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Table 1 Synopsis of the critical charges in the physical ground state (N*) as well as for chemical reactive (valence) state (N**) for atoms of the first four periods of the periodic table of elements, as computed from the minimum point of associated interpolations of ionization and electronic affinities[33]and of eq. ( 38 ), respectively

From: Valence atom with bohmian quantum potential: the golden ratio approach

Atom

Z

I[eV]

A[eV]

N*

N**

H

1

13.595

0.7542

0.558735

0.607681

Li

3

5.390

0.620

0.629979

0.516636

B

5

8.296

0.278

0.534672

0.830952

C

6

11.256

1.268

0.626952

0.387488

O

8

13.614

1.462

0.620309

0.375636

F

9

17.42

3.399

0.742422

0.823043

Na

11

5.138

0.546

0.618902

0.648699

Al

13

5.984

0.442

0.579755

0.402127

Si

14

8.149

1.385

0.70476

0.757049

P

15

10.484

0.7464

0.576651

0.0995049

S

16

10.357

2.0772

0.750876

0.430724

Cl

17

13.01

3.615

0.884779

0.751744

K

19

4.339

0.5012

0.630596

0.366618

V

23

6.74

0.526

0.584648

0.505999

Cr

24

6.763

0.667

0.609416

0.774976

Fe

26

7.90

0.164

0.5212

0.296616

Co

27

7.86

0.662

0.59197

0.549908

Ni

28

7.633

1.157

0.67866

0.798551

Cu

29

7.724

1.226

0.688673

0.0427917

Se

34

9.75

2.0206

0.761417

0.205262

Br

35

11.84

3.364

0.896885

0.427249

Rb

37

4.176

0.4860

0.631707

0.861904

Zr

40

6.84

0.427

0.566584

0.492423

Nb

41

6.88

0.894

0.649348

0.697305

Mo

42

7.10

0.747

0.617582

0.899704

Rh

45

7.46

1.138

0.680006

0.492856

Pd

46

8.33

0.558

0.571796

0.686153

Ag

47

7.574

1.303

0.707782

0.87736

Sn

50

7.342

1.25

0.705187

0.439089

Sb

51

8.639

1.05

0.638358

0.622567

Te

52

9.01

1.9708

0.779975

0.804255

I

53

10.454

3.061

0.91404

0.984204