Table 6 Database of the average relative percentage sugar composition of raw unpigmented reference materials
Common name | Family and species | General origins of plant family | Relative percentage content | Total Sugars % | Procedure | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | xylose | arabinose | rhamnose | fucose | galacturonic acid | glucuronic acid | glucose | mannose | galactose | fructose | Â | Â |
Acacia sp. | obtained from the sap of Acacia giraffe trees | Africa (India has several spp.) | 0 | 30 | 4 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 1 | 65 | 0 | 22 | GCI |
Angra (acacia) | obtained from the sap of Acacia karoo trees | South Africa | 0 | 59 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 39 | 0 | 66 | GCI |
Tahla (acacia) | obtained from the sap of Acacia seyal trees | Senegal to Sudan, Africa | 0 | 63 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 71 | GCI |
Gum Arabic | obtained from the sap of trees Acacia senegal | Tropical Africa | 0 | 38 | 17 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 45 | 0 | 65 | GCI |
| Â | Â | Â | 0 | 26 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 49 | no | 90 | DCCI |
Mesquite | obtained from the plant Prosopis sp. | North and South America | 0 | 71 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 77 | GCI |
Almond | exuded by Prunus amygdalus trees | Eurasia, North Africa | 14 | 49 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 1 | 34 | 0 | 56 | GCI |
Apricot | exuded by the trees Prunus armeniaca | Armenia, India, Greece | 7 | 44 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 4 | 43 | 0 | 60 | GCI |
Cherry | exuded by the trees Prunus serrulata | Northern Hemisphere | 8 | 57 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 2 | 31 | 0 | 67 | GCI |
Cherry | exuded by the trees Prunus Cerasus | Northern Hemisphere | 5 | 35 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 52 | no | 95 | DCCI |
Peach | exuded by the trees Prunus persica | China/Persia | 14 | 44 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 38 | 0 | 73 | GCI |
| Â | Â | Â | 15 | 44 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 34 | no | 34 | DCCI |
Plum | exuded by the trees Prunus | Eurasia | 11 | 43 | 4 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 3 | 40 | 0 | 75 | GCI |
| Â | Â | Â | 12 | 31 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 4 | 37 | no | 12 | DCCI |
Tragacanth | obtained from the sap of the plants Astragalus | Eurasia and Africa | 22 | 43 | 2 | 9 | - | - | 10 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 57 | GCI |
| Â | Â | Â | 19 | 31 | 2 | 6 | 17 | 1 | 12 | 0 | 12 | no | 50 | DCCI |
| Â | Â | Â | 19 | 43 | 5 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 14 | no | 24 | GCI |
| Â | Â | Â | 24 | 20 | 2 | 19 | 7 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 10 | no | 14 | DCCI |
| Â | Â | Â | 14 | 40 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 21 | no | 27 | DCCI |
| Â | Â | Â | 9 | 38 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 21 | no | 24 | DCCI |
Ghatti | exuded by the trees Anogeissus latifolia | India | 1 | 60 | 2 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 34 | 0 | 55 | GCI |
| Â | Â | Â | 0 | 47 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 2 | 37 | no | 65 | DCCI |
Karaya | exuded by the plant Sterculia sp. | India | 0 | 1 | 40 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 58 | 0 | 37 | GCI |
| Â | Â | Â | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 64 | no | 41 | DCCI |
Angico | exuded by the trees Piptadenia sp. | Brazil | 0 | 61 | 11 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 75 | GCI |
Cashew | exuded by the plants Anacardium sp. | India, South America, Southeast Asia, Africa | 0 | 28 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 70 | 0 | 30 | GCI |
Carageean | extracted from Seaweed | China | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 4 | 0 | 95 | 0 | 33 | GCI |
Locust bean | exuded by the trees Ceratonia sp. | Mediterranean | 1 | 8 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 3 | 63 | 21 | 5 | 84 | GCI |
| Â | Â | Â | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 62 | 38 | no | 30 | DCCI |
Guar | is the endosperm of guar beans, legumen of the plants Cyamopsis tetragonolobus | India | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 2 | 58 | 37 | 1 | 91 | GCI |
| Â | Â | Â | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 63 | 35 | no | 75 | DCCI |
Orchid | obtained from the fruit of the plants Orchis sp. | World Wide | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 25 | 72 | 1 | 0 | 62 | GCI |
Frankincense | exuded by the trees Boswellia | Arabic pensinsula and Africa | 3 | 28 | 10 | 2 | - | - | 11 | 1 | 40 | 5 | 1 | GCI |
| Â | Â | Â | 0 | 21 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 62 | no | 5 | DCCI |
| Â | Â | Â | 0 | 23 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 72 | no | 12 | DCCI |
Myrrh resin | sap of the plants Commiphora | Arabic pensinsula and Africa | 2 | 30 | 0 | 3 | - | - | 0 | 8 | 58 | 0 | 16 | GCI |
| Â | Â | Â | 3 | 43 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 46 | no | 7 | DCCI |
Mastic | sap of the trees of the genus: Pistacia; species: Pistacia lentiscus | Mediterranean region | 0 | 51 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 40 | no | 1 | DCCI |
Elephant apple | Dillenia indica | India | 5 | 46 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 | 49 | 0 | 57 | GCI |
Escobilla | Sida rhombifolia | North America | 13 | 6 | 19 | 0 | - | - | 36 | 2 | 20 | 4 | 14 | GCI |
Rice Powder | seed of the plants Oryza sativa | World Wide | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | GCI |
Mangosteen fruit | obtained from the fruit of Garcinia mangostana plants | Southeast Asia | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 4 | 1 | 2 | 87 | 18 | GCI |
Nopal Cactus | obtained from the Opuntia-fiucs indica | South America | 1 | 23 | 4 | 0 | - | - | 3 | 0 | 69 | 0 | Â | GCI |
Honey | produced by Apis honey bees | World Wide | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 31 | 0 | 0 | 69 | 56 | GCI |
| Â | Â | Â | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | yes | 20 | DCCI |
| Â | Â | Â | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | yes | 20 | DCCI |
| Â | Â | Â | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | yes | 20 | DCCI |
Beeswax | produced by Apis honey bees | World Wide | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | no | 0 | DCCI |
Propolis | produced by Apis honey bees | World Wide | 9 | 16 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 13 | 8 | yes | 2 | DCCI |
Cochineal dye | produced from the scale insects Cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) | primarily tropical and subtropical South America and Mexico | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 69 | 14 | 1 | 11 | 4 | GCI |
Henna dye | produced from the leaves of the plants Lawsonia inermis | tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, southern Asia, and northern Australasia in semi-arid zones | 7 | 9 | 3 | 0 | - | - | 61 | 1 | 8 | 10 | 8 | GCI |
Indigo dye | extracted from the Indigofera plants | originally from Pakistan, Indigofera plants can be found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world | 1 | 6 | 24 | 1 | - | - | 33 | 2 | 14 | 4 | 2 | GCI |
Redwood dye | Â | Â | 76 | 3 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 13 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 7 | GCI |
paper/ wood (average) | Â | World Wide | 70 | 2 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 20 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 8 | GCI |
wood | Beech | hardwood | 75 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 1 | 5 | no | 7 | DCCI |
| Â | Oak | hardwood | 72 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 3 | 2 | no | 13 | DCCI |
| Â | Pine | softwood | 24 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 27 | 32 | 9 | no | 7 | DCCI |
| Â | Fir | softwood | 22 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 36 | 5 | no | 7 | DCCI |
White fluffy fungus | obtained from Acremonium spp. | Â | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 22 | 16 | 59 | 0 | 15 | GCI |
Luohanguo | water extract fruit of the of Siraiti trees; species: Siraitia grosvenorii | China | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | no | nd | DCCI |
fig latex | obtained from Common Fig trees (Ficus carica), when the fruit is detached from the branch | Mediterranean region, Iran, Pakistan and northern India, and also in other areas of the world with a similar climate | 3 | 7 | 37 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 17 | 9 | no | nd | DCCI |
Hen's Egg | Â | World Wide | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 70 | 12 | no | <1 | DCCI |
Animal glue | obtained from the cartilageneous parts of rabbits | World Wide | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 | 2 | 61 | no | <1 | DCCI |
Cow's Milk | Â | World Wide | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39 | 3 | 59 | no | 12 | DCCI |