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Table 3 Volatile components extracted by HS-SPME from roots, leaves and stems of Daucus crinitus Desf

From: Characterization of volatile compounds of Daucus crinitusDesf. Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction as alternative technique to Hydrodistillation

No.a

Components£

lRIab

RIac

Rootsd

Leavesd

Stemsd

    

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

1a

Heptane

700

702

0.3 ± 0.01

tr

-

-

0.1 ± 0.01

tr

tr

tr

0.3 ± 0.07

0.1 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

1b

3-methyl 1-Butanol

717

710

-

-

-

-

tr

-

-

-

0.3 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

0.3 ± 0.01

0.5 ± 0.07

1c

Hexanal

780

767

tr

tr

tr

-

tr

0.1 ± 0.01

tr

0.6 ± 0.07

0.7 ± 0.07

0.2 ± 0.01

0.8 ± 0.07

1.0 ± 0.14

1d

Hex-5-en-1-ol

820

820

-

-

-

-

0.3 ± 0.07

0.5 ± 0.07

0.2 ± 0.01

0.9 ± 0.07

tr

tr

0.1 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

1e

2-Heptanone

871

870

tr

-

-

-

tr

0.3 ± 0.01

 

0.3 ± 0.01

tr

-

-

-

1

Nonane

906

902

0.3 ± 0.07

5.5 ± 0.21

-

-

3.7 ± 0.14

2.1 ± 0.14

1.2 ± 0.14

0.8 ± 0.14

1.4 ± 0.14

0.5 ± 0.07

1.4 ± 0.21

1.7 ± 0.28

2

α-Pinene

936

931

-

-

-

-

0.2 ± 0.01

2.8 ± 0.21

0.2 ± 0.01

0.6 ± 0.01

6.1 ± 0.21

1.8 ± 0.21

6.1 ± 0.01

2.6 ± 0.14

2a

Camphene

950

943

-

-

-

-

0.1 ± 0.01

-

-

-

0.2 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

3

Sabinene

973

966

-

0.1 ± 0.01

-

-

0.3 ± 0.01

0.3 ± 0.01

-

tr

0.6 ± 0.07

0.2 ± 0.01

0.4 ± 0.01

0.3 ± 0.01

3a

2-pentyl Furan

981

978

0.3 ± 0.01

-

-

-

tr

-

-

 

0.2 ± 0.01

tr

0.2 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

5

Myrcene

987

981

-

-

-

-

0.1 ± 0.01

0.6 ± 0.14

-

0.2 ± 0.07

10.6 ± 0.64

10.0 ± 0.64

7.4 ± 0.54

7.5 ± 0.35

5a

α-Phellandrene

1002

991

-

-

-

-

tr

0.2 ± 0.01

-

-

0.3 ± 0.01

0.4 ± 0.07

0.4 ± 0.01

0.4 ± 0.07

5b

3-methyl butyl Isobutyrate

994

997

-

-

-

-

0.2 ± 0.01

tr

0.1 ± 0.01

-

tr

0.1 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

6

Decane

993

998

0.2 ± 0.01

1.2 ± 0.14

0.1 ± 0.01

-

tr

tr

 

-

0.1 ± 0.01

0.3 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

6a

2-methyl butyl Isobutyrate

1004

999

-

-

-

-

0.1 ± 0.01

tr

0.2 ± 0.01

-

0.1 ± 0.01

-

-

tr

7

p-Cymene

1015

1012

-

-

-

-

 

3.5 ± 0.21

-

0.1 ± 0.01

2.2 ± 0.14

0.2 ± 0.01

2.7 ± 0.21

3.3 ± 0.21

9

Limonene

1025

1026

-

0.1 ± 0.01

-

-

0.2 ± 0.01

2.0 ± 0.35

0.2 ± 0.01

0.3 ± 0.07

7.5 ± 0.49

11.7 ± 0.64

9.9 ± 0.49

11.1 ± 0.92

10

(E)-β-Ocimene

1041

1037

-

-

-

-

tr

0.7 ± 0.07

0.1 ± 0.01

tr

0.1 ± 0.01

0.5 ± 0.01

0.4 ± 0.01

0.7 ± 0.01

11

γ-Terpinene

1051

1049

-

-

-

-

0.2 ± 0.01

7.4 ± 0.01

-

-

1.6 ± 0.28

2.7 ± 0.21

1.6 ± 0.01

2.3 ± 0.28

12

1-Octanol

1061

1056

-

-

-

-

0.1 ± 0.01

tr

-

tr

0.2 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.07

13

2-methyl Decane

1068

1065

0.4 ± 0.07

6.7 ± 0.71

0.3 ± 0.07

-

0.6 ± 0.07

-

-

-

tr

-

tr

tr

14

Nonanal

1076

1074

-

-

-

-

tr

0.4 ± 0.01

-

-

-

0.3 ± 0.01

0.5 ± 0.01

0.8 ± 0.07

15

α-Terpinolene

1082

1079

-

-

-

-

0.2 ± 0.01

9.4 ± 0.42

-

-

0.2 ± 0.01

0.3 ± 0.01

0.3 ± 0.01

0.5 ± 0.07

15a

2-Nonanol

1085

1080

-

-

-

0.1 ± 0.01

-

-

-

-

0.1 ± 0.01

0.4 ± 0.01

0.4 ± 0.01

0.5 ± 0.01

17

Undecane

1100

1098

43.5 ± 0.85

5.0 ± 0.35

26.2 ± 0.92

2.3 ± 0.21

11.1 ± 0.57

2.9 ± 0.35

1.2 ± 0.07

8.9 ± 0.28

2.7 ± 0.78

2.8 ± 0.14

2.1 ± 0.35

2.6 ± 0.14

17a

Limonene 1,2-epoxide

1117

1113

-

-

-

-

tr

0.1 ± 0.01

-

-

-

-

-

-

17b

Camphor

1123

1120

-

-

-

-

tr

0.5 ± 0.07

0.3 ± 0.01

0.5 ± 0.07

0.1 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

17c

n-hexyl Isobutyrate

1127

1126

-

-

-

-

0.1 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

-

0.1 ± 0.01

-

0.2 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

tr

17d

Cryptone

1160

1158

-

-

-

-

tr

0.1 ± 0.01

-

-

0.4 ± 0.07

0.3 ± 0.01

0.3 ± 0.01

0.3 ± 0.01

19

Terpinen-4-ol

1164

1161

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.3 ± 0.01

0.6 ± 0.07

0.3 ± 0.01

0.4 ± 0.01

19a

3-methyl Undecane

1170

1165

0.1 ± 0.01

0.5 ± 0.07

tr

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

19b

Estragole

1175

1169

-

-

-

-

0.2 ± 0.01

-

-

-

tr

0.9 ± 0.01

0.8 ± 0.14

1.0 ± 0.14

21

Decanal

1188

1187

-

0.1 ± 0.01

-

-

1.5 ± 0.02

14.8 ± 0.01

7.8 ± 0.57

2.5 ± 0.14

1.1 ± 0.01

1.8 ± 0.21

2.1 ± 0.14

2.5 ± 0.01

22

Dodecane

1200

1198

0.3 ± 0.07

0.3 ± 0.01

tr

-

0.1 ± 0.01

tr

-

-

tr

0.3 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

22a

γ-Octanolide

1208

1208

-

-

-

-

0.1 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

0.5 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

0.4 ± 0.01

0.3 ± 0.01

0.4 ± 0.07

22b

Chavicol

1219

1214

-

0.1 ± 0.01

-

-

0.1 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

-

0.1 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

0.3 ± 0.01

22c

2-Nonanyl acetate

1224

1220

-

0.7 ± 0.01

-

-

-

-

-

-

tr

0.2 ± 0.01

tr

tr

23

Decanol

1263

1259

-

0.1 ± 0.01

-

0.4 ± 0.07

0.2 ± 0.01

0.8 ± 0.01

1.8 ± 0.21

-

1.8 ± 0.14

2.2 ± 0.14

1.4 ± 0.14

1.5 ± 0.21

23a

trans-Anethol

1262

1260

-

-

-

-

tr

-

-

-

tr

0.1 ± 0.01

tr

tr

24

Nonanoic acid

1263

1263

-

0.1 ± 0.01

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.3 ± 0.07

0.4 ± 0.07

0.4 ± 0.01

0.4 ± 0.01

24a

Benzyl isobutyrate

1269

1266

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

24b

Undecan-2-one

1273

1268

0.1 ± 0.01

tr

-

1.1 ± 0.14

0.1 ± 0.01

-

-

-

0.2 ± 0.01

0.6 ± 0.07

0.5 ± 0.01

0.5 ± 0.01

25

Undecanal

1290

1280

-

0.7 ± 0.21

0.2 ± 0.01

-

-

tr

0.2 ± 0.01

-

tr

0.3 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

0.3 ± 0.01

26

Tridecane

1300

1292

3.7 ± 0.21

7.7 ± 0.85

4.0 ± 0.35

0.7 ± 0.07

0.2 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

0.4 ± 0.01

0.3 ± 0.07

0.2 ± 0.01

0.4 ± 0.01

0.3 ± 0.01

0.4 ± 0.01

26a

Isochavicol

1313

1315

-

-

-

-

0.1 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

0.7 ± 0.01

-

0.4 ± 0.07

0.1 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

tr

27

n-Octyl isobutyrate

1329

1325

-

-

-

-

0.1 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

-

-

-

-

-

28

Neryl acetate

1342

1336

-

-

-

0.6 ± 0.01

-

-

0.1 ± 0.01

-

0.2 ± 0.01

1.1 ± 0.21

1.1 ± 0.01

1.0 ± 0.14

29

Decannoic acid

1347

1348

0.2 ± 0.01

0.4 ± 0.01

0.4 ± 0.01

-

-

-

tr

-

tr

0.2 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

tr

30

Benzyl 2-methyl butyrate

1360

1352

-

0.6 ± 0.07

-

-

tr

-

tr

-

-

-

-

-

31

Geranyl acetate

1362

1359

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.1 ± 0.01

-

tr

0.2 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

33

α-Copaene

1379

1372

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.6 ± 0.14

2.1 ± 0.14

4.1 ± 0.01

2.6 ± 0.14

34

β-Bourbonene

1386

1376

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4.0 ± 0.42

3.6 ± 0.21

3.7 ± 0.01

3.2 ± 0.28

35

Dodecanal

1389

1390

29.3 ± 1.2

20.6 ± 1.84

45.1 ± 1.27

55.4 ± 0.99

0.4 ± 0.14

1.5 ± 0.21

4.4 ± 0.14

2.1 ± 0.01

2.7 ± 0.28

1.3 ± 0.21

1.2 ± 0.01

1.4 ± 0.07

36

Tetradecane

1400

1403

-

-

-

-

0.1 ± 0.07

0.1 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

37

Longifolene

1411

1409

-

0.2 ± 0.01

tr

-

tr

0.2 ± 0.01

-

2.3 ± 0.21

0.1 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

38

α-Santalene

1422

1415

-

-

tr

-

-

-

-

tr

0.1 ± 0.01

tr

tr

tr

39

β-Caryophyllene

1421

1424

-

-

-

-

0.8 ± 0.14

0.1 ± 0.01

-

-

0.7 ± 0.14

1.2 ± 0.07

0.4 ± 0.01

0.8 ± 0.07

40

Dauca-3,8-diene

1428

1426

-

-

-

-

0.1 ± 0.01

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

41

trans-α-bergamotene

1432

1432

-

-

-

-

0.7 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

  

0.2 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

42

(E)-β-Farnesene

1446

1443

-

-

-

-

0.1 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

 

0.1 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

43

α-Humulene

1455

1451

-

-

-

-

0.4 ± 0.01

0.3 ± 0.01

1.0 ± 0.01

0.3 ± 0.01

0.9 ± 0.01

0.3 ± 0.01

0.4 ± 0.07

0.4 ± 0.01

45

Dodecanol

1472

1470

2.7 ± 0.01

8.8 ± 0.42

1.7 ± 0.28

4.4 ± 0.35

0.2 ± 0.01

-

-

-

0.5 ± 0.01

0.8 ± 0.21

0.9 ± 0.01

0.5 ± 0.07

46

α-Curcumene

1473

1474

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.8 ± 0.14

0.6 ± 0.01

0.9 ± 0.01

0.4 ± 0.01

47

Germacrene-D

1479

1478

0.2 ± 0.01

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.8 ± 0.01

2.1 ± 0.28

3.3 ± 0.01

2.1 ± 0.07

49

Zingiberene

1489

1483

0.2 ± 0.01

0.7 ± 0.14

0.4 ± 0.07

0.6 ± 0.01

-

-

-

-

tr

0.2 ± 0.01

tr

0.1 ± 0.01

50

Pentadecane

1500

1497

0.1 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

51.6 ± 1.77

12.8 ± 0.49

41.2 ± 1.34

40.8 ± 0.57

11.9 ± 1.06

13.1 ± 0.78

14.0 ± 0.28

16.0 ± 0.42

51

δ-Cadinene

1520

1514

-

-

-

-

0.1 ± 0.01

tr

1.1 ± 0.01

0.3 ± 0.01

-

-

-

-

52

Geranyl butyrate

1534

1530

tr

0.1 ± 0.01

-

0.2 ± 0.01

-

0.6 ± 0.01

-

-

0.3 ± 0.01

2.0 ± 0.01

1.7 ± 0.01

1.6 ± 0.21

53

Isochavicol isobutyrate

1546

1541

 

0.4 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

19.9 ± 0.85

10.4 ± 1.13

19.0 ± 0.85

0.2 ± 0.01

0.7 ± 0.14

0.4 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

56

Caryophyllene oxyde

1578

1572

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.1 ± 0.01

tr

tr

tr

57

Dodecyl acetate

1585

1580

14.2 ± 0.49

32.4 ± 1.70

16.4 ± 1.06

21.7 ± 0.85

0.2 ± 0.01

0.3 ± 0.01

3.6 ± 0.21

5.0 ± 0.21

2.3 ± 0.28

2.0 ± 0.01

2.3 ± 0.21

2.6 ± 0.07

58

α-Cedrol

1603

1596

-

-

-

-

-

0.1 ± 0.01

-

-

1.4 ± 0.21

1.0 ± 0.01

0.9 ± 0.01

0.9 ± 0.07

59

Hexadecane

1600

1599

-

-

-

-

0.3 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

0.3 ± 0.01

0.3 ± 0.01

0.5 ± 0.01

0.4 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

0.3 ± 0.01

60

Isochavicol 2-methyl butyrate

1651

1648

-

-

-

0.4 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

2.7 ± 0.01

2.9 ± 0.01

2.1 ± 0.14

0.1 ± 0.01

0.4 ± 0.01

0.3 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

60a

Bisabolol oxide B

1654

1650

-

-

-

-

0.2 ± 0.01

 

tr

0.1 ± 0.01

3.9 ± 0.01

2.7 ± 0.01

2.1 ± 0.01

1.1 ± 0.14

62

Heptadecane

1700

1703

0.1 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

tr

0.2 ± 0.01

20.7 ± 1.56

4.1 ± 0.21

11.9 ± 0.35

6.4 ± 0.57

20.7 ± 0.57

13.2 ± 0.42

9.0 ± 0.35

11.2 ± 0.49

63

Benzyl benzoate

1730

1723

0.1 ± 0.01

0.7 ± 0.01

tr

2.7 ± 0.14

-

-

0.3 ± 0.01

0.7 ± 0.01

0.5 ± 0.07

0.2 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

66

Hexadecanal

1782

1787

0.5 ± 0.01

0.5 ± 0.01

0.5 ± 0.07

0.7 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

tr

0.1 ± 0.01

tr

tr

0.2 ± 0.01

67

Neophytadiene

1807

1807

tr

0.8 ± 0.01

tr

3.2 ± 0.21

0.6 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

0.1 ± 0.01

0.4 ± 0.01

0.3 ± 0.01

tr

0.1 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.01

 

% Identification

  

96.8 ± 0.57

95.4 ± 0.21

95.7 ± 0.28

95.2 ± 0.07

97.3 ± 0.21

93.6 ± 0.64

93.1 ± 0.21

96.3 ± 0.28

95.7 ± 0.35

92.1 ± 0.07

90.9 ± 0.28

92.9 ± 0.49

 

Total area (105)

  

486.4

451.3

445.5

430.2

391.8

351.9

378.3

345.6

312.5

336.1

333.8

342.8

 

Hydrocarbon compounds

  

49.4

28.4

31.2

7.3

92.8

65.1

66.9

65.4

82.8

72.9

73.9

76.4

 

Oxygenated compounds

  

47.4

67.0

64.5

87.9

4.5

28.5

26.2

30.9

12.9

19.2

17.0

16.5

 

Aliphatic compounds

  

96.3

91.8

95.1

88.1

90.8

42.0

75.7

69.3

49.4

46.1

42.6

49.1

 

Phenylpropanoid compounds

  

0.1

1.8

0.2

3.3

0.7

22.8

14.4

21.8

1.3

2.5

1.9

1.8

 

Hydrocarbon non-terpenic compounds

49,0

27,4

30.8

3.5

88.7

37.1

64.2

60.8

43.8

34.2

31.3

37.3

 

Hydrocarbon monoterpenes

  

-

0.2

-

-

1.3

26.9

0.5

1.2

29.4

28.0

29.4

28.9

 

Hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes

  

0.4

0.8

0.4

0.6

2.2

0.9

2.1

3.0

9.3

10.7

13.1

10.0

 

Hydrocarbon diterpenes

  

-

-

-

3.2

0.6

0.2

0.1

0.4

0.3

-

0.1

0.2

 

Oxygenated non-terpenic compounds

 

47,4

66.2

64.5

87.9

4.3

27.7

25.9

30.3

6.9

14.4

13.2

13.6

 

Oxygenated monoterpenes

  

-

 

-

-

-

0.7

0.3

0.5

0.8

1.1

0.8

0.9

 

Oxygenated sesquiterpenes

  

-

0.8

-

-

0.2

0.1

-

0.1

5.2

3.7

3.0

2.0

  1. a Order of elution is given on apolar column (Rtx-1). Numbers correspond to those in table 1. The compounds that the number is followed by a letter were only identified in HS-fractions.
  2. b Retention indices of literature on the apolar column (lRIa) reported from [1218].
  3. c Retention indices on the apolar Rtx-1 column (RIa).
  4. d Percentages (means of three analyses) obtained by GC-FID (on RTX-1: apolar column) with peak-area normalization under optimized HS-SPME parameters: temperature: 70°C; equilibrium time: 60 min; extraction time: 30 min. Sample locations: Bensekrane (A), Sid Abdeli (B), Terni (C) and Beni Snous (D).
  5. e Total area is expressed in arbitrary units.
  6. £ Compounds identified from commercial data libraries: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1999 (1b, 12, 15c, 17a, 19d, 20b); and literature data: König WA, Hochmuth DH, Joulain D, 2001 (3a, 13a, 19b, 19c, 24a, 32b, 35, 36, 36a, 38a, 41, 42).